Python/blockchain/proof_of_work.py

import hashlib
import time

def proof_of_work(difficulty: int) -> int:
    """
    Simulates a Proof of Work mining process.

    The miner must find a nonce such that the hash of the nonce starts 
    with a specific number of leading zeros (difficulty).

    Args:
        difficulty (int): The number of leading zeros required in the hash.

    Returns:
        int: The nonce value that solves the puzzle.

    Example:
        >>> result = proof_of_work(2)  # Difficulty of 2 should be fast
        >>> isinstance(result, int)
        True
    """
    prefix = '0' * difficulty
    nonce = 0
    start = time.time()
    
    while True:
        hash_result = hashlib.sha256(f"{nonce}".encode()).hexdigest()
        if hash_result.startswith(prefix):
            end = time.time()
            print(f"Nonce: {nonce}, Hash: {hash_result}, Time: {end - start:.2f}s")
            return nonce
        nonce += 1