Python/data_structures/binary_tree/segment_tree.py

import math


class SegmentTree:
    def __init__(self, a):
        self.A = a
        self.N = len(self.A)
        self.st = [0] * (
            4 * self.N
        )  # approximate the overall size of segment tree with array N
        if self.N:
            self.build(1, 0, self.N - 1)

    def left(self, idx):
        """
        Returns the left child index for a given index in a binary tree.

        >>> s = SegmentTree([1, 2, 3])
        >>> s.left(1)
        2
        >>> s.left(2)
        4
        """
        return idx * 2

    def right(self, idx):
        """
        Returns the right child index for a given index in a binary tree.

        >>> s = SegmentTree([1, 2, 3])
        >>> s.right(1)
        3
        >>> s.right(2)
        5
        """
        return idx * 2 + 1

    def build(self, idx, l, r):  # noqa: E741
        if l == r:
            self.st[idx] = self.A[l]
        else:
            mid = (l + r) // 2
            self.build(self.left(idx), l, mid)
            self.build(self.right(idx), mid + 1, r)
            self.st[idx] = max(self.st[self.left(idx)], self.st[self.right(idx)])

    def update(self, a, b, val):
        """
        Update the values in the segment tree in the range [a,b] with the given value.

        >>> s = SegmentTree([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
        >>> s.update(2, 4, 10)
        True
        >>> s.query(1, 5)
        10
        """
        return self.update_recursive(1, 0, self.N - 1, a - 1, b - 1, val)

    def update_recursive(self, idx, l, r, a, b, val):  # noqa: E741
        """
        update(1, 1, N, a, b, v) for update val v to [a,b]
        """
        if r < a or l > b:
            return True
        if l == r:
            self.st[idx] = val
            return True
        mid = (l + r) // 2
        self.update_recursive(self.left(idx), l, mid, a, b, val)
        self.update_recursive(self.right(idx), mid + 1, r, a, b, val)
        self.st[idx] = max(self.st[self.left(idx)], self.st[self.right(idx)])
        return True

    def query(self, a, b):
        """
        Query the maximum value in the range [a,b].

        >>> s = SegmentTree([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
        >>> s.query(1, 3)
        3
        >>> s.query(1, 5)
        5
        """
        return self.query_recursive(1, 0, self.N - 1, a - 1, b - 1)

    def query_recursive(self, idx, l, r, a, b):  # noqa: E741
        """
        query(1, 1, N, a, b) for query max of [a,b]
        """
        if r < a or l > b:
            return -math.inf
        if l >= a and r <= b:
            return self.st[idx]
        mid = (l + r) // 2
        q1 = self.query_recursive(self.left(idx), l, mid, a, b)
        q2 = self.query_recursive(self.right(idx), mid + 1, r, a, b)
        return max(q1, q2)

    def show_data(self):
        show_list = []
        for i in range(1, N + 1):
            show_list += [self.query(i, i)]
        print(show_list)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    A = [1, 2, -4, 7, 3, -5, 6, 11, -20, 9, 14, 15, 5, 2, -8]
    N = 15
    segt = SegmentTree(A)
    print(segt.query(4, 6))
    print(segt.query(7, 11))
    print(segt.query(7, 12))
    segt.update(1, 3, 111)
    print(segt.query(1, 15))
    segt.update(7, 8, 235)
    segt.show_data()