Perfect square using binary search (#2351)

* Add perfect_square_binary_search

* Update tests

* Add tests

maths/perfect_square.py

@@ -21,6 +21,52 @@ def perfect_square(num: int) -> bool:
     return math.sqrt(num) * math.sqrt(num) == num
 
 
+def perfect_square_binary_search(n: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a number is perfect square using binary search.
+    Time complexity : O(Log(n))
+    Space complexity: O(1)
+
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(9)
+    True
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(16)
+    True
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(1)
+    True
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(0)
+    True
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(10)
+    False
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(-1)
+    False
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(1.1)
+    False
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search("a")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: '<=' not supported between instances of 'int' and 'str'
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search(None)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: '<=' not supported between instances of 'int' and 'NoneType'
+    >>> perfect_square_binary_search([])
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: '<=' not supported between instances of 'int' and 'list'
+    """
+    left = 0
+    right = n
+    while left <= right:
+        mid = (left + right) // 2
+        if mid ** 2 == n:
+            return True
+        elif mid ** 2 > n:
+            right = mid - 1
+        else:
+            left = mid + 1
+    return False
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest