Create potential_energy.py (#7666)

* Create potential_energy.py

Finding the gravitational potential energy of an object with reference to the earth, by taking its mass and height above the ground as input

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* Update physics/potential_energy.py

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* Update physics/potential_energy.py

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* Update physics/potential_energy.py

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* Update physics/potential_energy.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update physics/potential_energy.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update physics/potential_energy.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update physics/potential_energy.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

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Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

physics/potential_energy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from scipy.constants import g
+
+"""
+Finding the gravitational potential energy of an object with reference
+to the earth,by taking its mass and height above the ground as input
+
+
+Description : Gravitational energy or gravitational potential energy
+is the potential energy a massive object has in relation to another
+massive object due to gravity. It is the potential energy associated
+with the gravitational field, which is released (converted into
+kinetic energy) when the objects fall towards each other.
+Gravitational potential energy increases when two objects
+are brought further apart.
+
+For two pairwise interacting point particles, the gravitational
+potential energy U is given by
+U=-GMm/R
+where M and m are the masses of the two particles, R is the distance
+between them, and G is the gravitational constant.
+Close to the Earth's surface, the gravitational field is approximately
+constant, and the gravitational potential energy of an object reduces to
+U=mgh
+where m is the object's mass, g=GM/R² is the gravity of Earth, and h is
+the height of the object's center of mass above a chosen reference level.
+
+Reference : "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_energy"
+"""
+
+
+def potential_energy(mass: float, height: float) -> float:
+    # function will accept mass and height as parameters and return potential energy
+    """
+    >>> potential_energy(10,10)
+    980.665
+    >>> potential_energy(0,5)
+    0.0
+    >>> potential_energy(8,0)
+    0.0
+    >>> potential_energy(10,5)
+    490.3325
+    >>> potential_energy(0,0)
+    0.0
+    >>> potential_energy(2,8)
+    156.9064
+    >>> potential_energy(20,100)
+    19613.3
+    """
+    if mass < 0:
+        # handling of negative values of mass
+        raise ValueError("The mass of a body cannot be negative")
+    if height < 0:
+        # handling of negative values of height
+        raise ValueError("The height above the ground cannot be negative")
+    return mass * g * height
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from doctest import testmod
+
+    testmod(name="potential_energy")