diff --git a/blockchain/pow_algorithm.py b/blockchain/pow_algorithm.py index 44e35baec..139cb3648 100644 --- a/blockchain/pow_algorithm.py +++ b/blockchain/pow_algorithm.py @@ -2,23 +2,24 @@ # Title: Proof of Work Algorithm for Blockchain ## Algorithm Statement: -The algorithm implements the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism used in -blockchain to validate blocks. PoW ensures participants (miners) perform a -computational task to create a valid block and add it to the blockchain. The +The algorithm implements the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism used in +blockchain to validate blocks. PoW ensures participants (miners) perform a +computational task to create a valid block and add it to the blockchain. The difficulty is defined by the number of leading zeros required in the block hash. """ import hashlib import time + class Block: def __init__( - self, - index: int, - previous_hash: str, - transactions: str, - timestamp: float, - difficulty: int + self, + index: int, + previous_hash: str, + transactions: str, + timestamp: float, + difficulty: int, ) -> None: """ Initializes a Block object with the specified parameters. @@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ class Block: Generates the hash of the block content. Combines index, previous hash, transactions, timestamp, and nonce into a string, which is then hashed using SHA-256. - + Returns: - str: The hash of the block. """ @@ -57,17 +58,20 @@ class Block: """ Performs Proof of Work by adjusting the nonce until a valid hash is found. A valid hash has the required number of leading zeros based on the difficulty level. - + Returns: - None """ - target = '0' * self.difficulty # Target hash should start with 'difficulty' zeros - while self.hash[:self.difficulty] != target: + target = ( + "0" * self.difficulty + ) # Target hash should start with 'difficulty' zeros + while self.hash[: self.difficulty] != target: self.nonce += 1 self.hash = self.compute_hash() print(f"Block mined with nonce {self.nonce}, hash: {self.hash}") + class Blockchain: def __init__(self, difficulty: int) -> None: """ @@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ class Blockchain: Parameters: - difficulty (int): The difficulty level for mining blocks in this blockchain. - + Returns: - None """ @@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ class Blockchain: def create_genesis_block(self) -> None: """ Creates the first block in the blockchain (the Genesis block). - + Returns: - None """ @@ -100,21 +104,24 @@ class Blockchain: Parameters: - transactions (str): The list of transactions to be added in the new block. - + Returns: - None """ previous_block = self.chain[-1] new_block = Block( - len(self.chain), previous_block.hash, transactions, time.time(), - self.difficulty + len(self.chain), + previous_block.hash, + transactions, + time.time(), + self.difficulty, ) new_block.mine_block() self.chain.append(new_block) def is_chain_valid(self) -> bool: """ - Verifies the integrity of the blockchain by ensuring each block's previous + Verifies the integrity of the blockchain by ensuring each block's previous hash matches and that all blocks meet the Proof of Work requirement. Returns: @@ -134,12 +141,14 @@ class Blockchain: return True + # Test cases + def test_blockchain() -> None: """ Test cases for the Blockchain proof of work algorithm. - + Returns: - None """ @@ -154,10 +163,15 @@ def test_blockchain() -> None: assert blockchain.is_chain_valid(), "Blockchain should be valid" # Tamper with the blockchain and check validation - blockchain.chain[1].transactions = "Transaction 1: Alice pays Bob 50 BTC" # Tampering - assert not blockchain.is_chain_valid(), "Blockchain should be invalid due to tampering" + blockchain.chain[ + 1 + ].transactions = "Transaction 1: Alice pays Bob 50 BTC" # Tampering + assert ( + not blockchain.is_chain_valid() + ), "Blockchain should be invalid due to tampering" print("All test cases passed.") + if __name__ == "__main__": test_blockchain()