Double factorial iterative (#4760)

* Adding the double factorial algorithm

* Adding the double factorial algorithm

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Ocles <jocles@chiang.ec>

maths/double_factorial_iterative.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+def double_factorial(num: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Compute double factorial using iterative method.
+
+    To learn about the theory behind this algorithm:
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_factorial
+
+    >>> import math
+    >>> all(double_factorial(i) == math.prod(range(i, 0, -2)) for i in range(20))
+    True
+    >>> double_factorial(0.1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: double_factorial() only accepts integral values
+    >>> double_factorial(-1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: double_factorial() not defined for negative values
+    """
+    if not isinstance(num, int):
+        raise ValueError("double_factorial() only accepts integral values")
+    if num < 0:
+        raise ValueError("double_factorial() not defined for negative values")
+    value = 1
+    for i in range(num, 0, -2):
+        value *= i
+    return value
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()