diff --git a/digital_image_processing/filters/gabor_filter.py b/digital_image_processing/filters/gabor_filter.py
index 8f9212a35..aaec567f4 100644
--- a/digital_image_processing/filters/gabor_filter.py
+++ b/digital_image_processing/filters/gabor_filter.py
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ def gabor_filter_kernel(
             _y = -sin_theta * px + cos_theta * py
 
             # fill kernel
-            gabor[y, x] = np.exp(
-                -(_x**2 + gamma**2 * _y**2) / (2 * sigma**2)
-            ) * np.cos(2 * np.pi * _x / lambd + psi)
+            gabor[y, x] = np.exp(-(_x**2 + gamma**2 * _y**2) / (2 * sigma**2)) * np.cos(
+                2 * np.pi * _x / lambd + psi
+            )
 
     return gabor
 
diff --git a/machine_learning/frequent_pattern_growth.py b/machine_learning/frequent_pattern_growth.py
index a09c96aef..fae2df16e 100644
--- a/machine_learning/frequent_pattern_growth.py
+++ b/machine_learning/frequent_pattern_growth.py
@@ -240,9 +240,7 @@ def ascend_tree(leaf_node: TreeNode, prefix_path: list[str]) -> None:
         ascend_tree(leaf_node.parent, prefix_path)
 
 
-def find_prefix_path(
-    base_pat: frozenset, tree_node: TreeNode | None
-) -> dict:  # noqa: ARG001
+def find_prefix_path(base_pat: frozenset, tree_node: TreeNode | None) -> dict:  # noqa: ARG001
     """
     Find the conditional pattern base for a given base pattern.
 
diff --git a/sorts/bead_sort.py b/sorts/bead_sort.py
index 3b94a959c..8ce0619fd 100644
--- a/sorts/bead_sort.py
+++ b/sorts/bead_sort.py
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ def bead_sort(sequence: list) -> list:
     if any(not isinstance(x, int) or x < 0 for x in sequence):
         raise TypeError("Sequence must be list of non-negative integers")
     for _ in range(len(sequence)):
-        for i, (rod_upper, rod_lower) in enumerate(
-            zip(sequence, sequence[1:])
-        ):  # noqa: RUF007
+        for i, (rod_upper, rod_lower) in enumerate(zip(sequence, sequence[1:])):  # noqa: RUF007
             if rod_upper > rod_lower:
                 sequence[i] -= rod_upper - rod_lower
                 sequence[i + 1] += rod_upper - rod_lower
diff --git a/strings/min_cost_string_conversion.py b/strings/min_cost_string_conversion.py
index 7ee1b1908..93791e2a7 100644
--- a/strings/min_cost_string_conversion.py
+++ b/strings/min_cost_string_conversion.py
@@ -132,9 +132,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             elif op[0] == "R":
                 string[i] = op[2]
 
-                file.write(
-                    "%-16s" % ("Replace %c" % op[1] + " with " + str(op[2]))
-                )  # noqa: UP031
+                file.write("%-16s" % ("Replace %c" % op[1] + " with " + str(op[2])))  # noqa: UP031
                 file.write("\t\t" + "".join(string))
                 file.write("\r\n")