diff --git a/backtracking/all_combinations.py b/backtracking/all_combinations.py index 390decf3a..1d15c6263 100644 --- a/backtracking/all_combinations.py +++ b/backtracking/all_combinations.py @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ from itertools import combinations def combination_lists(n: int, k: int) -> list[list[int]]: """ + Generates all possible combinations of k numbers out of 1 ... n using itertools. + >>> combination_lists(n=4, k=2) [[1, 2], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4], [3, 4]] """ @@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ def combination_lists(n: int, k: int) -> list[list[int]]: def generate_all_combinations(n: int, k: int) -> list[list[int]]: """ + Generates all possible combinations of k numbers out of 1 ... n using backtracking. + >>> generate_all_combinations(n=4, k=2) [[1, 2], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4], [3, 4]] >>> generate_all_combinations(n=0, k=0) @@ -34,6 +38,14 @@ def generate_all_combinations(n: int, k: int) -> list[list[int]]: ValueError: n must not be negative >>> generate_all_combinations(n=5, k=4) [[1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 5], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5]] + >>> generate_all_combinations(n=3, k=3) + [[1, 2, 3]] + >>> generate_all_combinations(n=3, k=1) + [[1], [2], [3]] + >>> generate_all_combinations(n=1, k=0) + [[]] + >>> generate_all_combinations(n=1, k=1) + [[1]] >>> from itertools import combinations >>> all(generate_all_combinations(n, k) == combination_lists(n, k) ... for n in range(1, 6) for k in range(1, 6)) @@ -56,6 +68,28 @@ def create_all_state( current_list: list[int], total_list: list[list[int]], ) -> None: + """ + Helper function to recursively build all combinations. + + >>> create_all_state(1, 4, 2, [], result := []) + >>> result + [[1, 2], [1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4], [3, 4]] + >>> create_all_state(1, 3, 3, [], result := []) + >>> result + [[1, 2, 3]] + >>> create_all_state(2, 2, 1, [1], result := []) + >>> result + [[1, 2]] + >>> create_all_state(1, 0, 0, [], result := []) + >>> result + [[]] + >>> create_all_state(1, 4, 0, [1, 2], result := []) + >>> result + [[1, 2]] + >>> create_all_state(5, 4, 2, [1, 2], result := []) + >>> result + [] + """ if level == 0: total_list.append(current_list[:]) return