print() is a function just like every other function (#1101)

* print() is a function just like every other function

arithmetic_analysis/newton_raphson_method.py

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ def NewtonRaphson(func, a):
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Find root of trigonometric function
     # Find value of pi
-    print ('sin(x) = 0', NewtonRaphson('sin(x)', 2))
+    print('sin(x) = 0', NewtonRaphson('sin(x)', 2))
 
     # Find root of polynomial
-    print ('x**2 - 5*x +2 = 0', NewtonRaphson('x**2 - 5*x +2', 0.4))
+    print('x**2 - 5*x +2 = 0', NewtonRaphson('x**2 - 5*x +2', 0.4))
 
     # Find Square Root of 5
-    print ('x**2 - 5 = 0', NewtonRaphson('x**2 - 5', 0.1))
+    print('x**2 - 5 = 0', NewtonRaphson('x**2 - 5', 0.1))
 
     # Exponential Roots
-    print ('exp(x) - 1 = 0', NewtonRaphson('exp(x) - 1', 0))
+    print('exp(x) - 1 = 0', NewtonRaphson('exp(x) - 1', 0))

ciphers/caesar_cipher.py

@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ def main():
         print("4.Quit")
         choice = input("What would you like to do?: ")
         if choice not in ['1', '2', '3', '4']:
-            print ("Invalid choice, please enter a valid choice")
+            print("Invalid choice, please enter a valid choice")
         elif choice == '1':
             strng = input("Please enter the string to be encrypted: ")
             key = int(input("Please enter off-set between 1-94: "))
             if key in range(1, 95):
-                print (encrypt(strng.lower(), key))
+                print(encrypt(strng.lower(), key))
         elif choice == '2':
             strng = input("Please enter the string to be decrypted: ")
             key = int(input("Please enter off-set between 1-94: "))
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def main():
             brute_force(strng)
             main()
         elif choice == '4':
-            print ("Goodbye.")
+            print("Goodbye.")
             break
 
 

ciphers/morse_code_implementation.py

@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ def decrypt(message):
 def main():
     message = "Morse code here"
     result = encrypt(message.upper())
-    print (result)
+    print(result)
 
     message = result
     result = decrypt(message)
-    print (result)
+    print(result)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

ciphers/trafid_cipher.py

@@ -83,4 +83,4 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     msg = "DEFEND THE EAST WALL OF THE CASTLE."
     encrypted = encryptMessage(msg,"EPSDUCVWYM.ZLKXNBTFGORIJHAQ")
     decrypted = decryptMessage(encrypted, "EPSDUCVWYM.ZLKXNBTFGORIJHAQ")
-    print ("Encrypted: {}\nDecrypted: {}".format(encrypted, decrypted))
+    print("Encrypted: {}\nDecrypted: {}".format(encrypted, decrypted))

ciphers/xor_cipher.py

@@ -188,22 +188,22 @@ class XORCipher(object):
 # key = 67
 
 # # test enrcypt
-# print crypt.encrypt("hallo welt",key)
+# print(crypt.encrypt("hallo welt",key))
 # # test decrypt
-# print crypt.decrypt(crypt.encrypt("hallo welt",key), key)
+# print(crypt.decrypt(crypt.encrypt("hallo welt",key), key))
 
 # # test encrypt_string
-# print crypt.encrypt_string("hallo welt",key)
+# print(crypt.encrypt_string("hallo welt",key))
 
 # # test decrypt_string
-# print crypt.decrypt_string(crypt.encrypt_string("hallo welt",key),key)
+# print(crypt.decrypt_string(crypt.encrypt_string("hallo welt",key),key))
 
 # if (crypt.encrypt_file("test.txt",key)):
-# 	print "encrypt successful"
+# 	print("encrypt successful")
 # else:
-# 	print "encrypt unsuccessful"
+# 	print("encrypt unsuccessful")
 
 # if (crypt.decrypt_file("encrypt.out",key)):
-# 	print "decrypt successful"
+# 	print("decrypt successful")
 # else:
-# 	print "decrypt unsuccessful"
+# 	print("decrypt unsuccessful")

data_structures/binary_tree/fenwick_tree.py

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     f = FenwickTree(100)
     f.update(1,20)
     f.update(4,4)
-    print (f.query(1))
+    print(f.query(1))
-    print (f.query(3))
+    print(f.query(3))
-    print (f.query(4))
+    print(f.query(4))
     f.update(2,-5)
-    print (f.query(1))
+    print(f.query(1))
-    print (f.query(3))
+    print(f.query(3))

data_structures/binary_tree/lazy_segment_tree.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class SegmentTree:
         showList = []
         for i in range(1,N+1):
             showList += [self.query(1, 1, self.N, i, i)]
-        print (showList)
+        print(showList)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     N = 15
     segt = SegmentTree(N)
     segt.build(1,1,N,A)
-    print (segt.query(1,1,N,4,6))
+    print(segt.query(1,1,N,4,6))
-    print (segt.query(1,1,N,7,11))
+    print(segt.query(1,1,N,7,11))
-    print (segt.query(1,1,N,7,12))
+    print(segt.query(1,1,N,7,12))
     segt.update(1,1,N,1,3,111)
-    print (segt.query(1,1,N,1,15))
+    print(segt.query(1,1,N,1,15))
     segt.update(1,1,N,7,8,235)
     segt.showData()

data_structures/binary_tree/segment_tree.py

@@ -55,17 +55,17 @@ class SegmentTree:
         showList = []
         for i in range(1,N+1):
             showList += [self.query(i, i)]
-        print (showList)
+        print(showList)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     A = [1,2,-4,7,3,-5,6,11,-20,9,14,15,5,2,-8]
     N = 15
     segt = SegmentTree(A)
-    print (segt.query(4, 6))
+    print(segt.query(4, 6))
-    print (segt.query(7, 11))
+    print(segt.query(7, 11))
-    print (segt.query(7, 12))
+    print(segt.query(7, 12))
     segt.update(1,3,111)
-    print (segt.query(1, 15))
+    print(segt.query(1, 15))
     segt.update(7,8,235)
     segt.showData()

data_structures/queue/double_ended_queue.py

@@ -13,28 +13,28 @@ de = collections.deque([1, 2, 3,])
 de.extend([4,5,6])
 
 # printing modified deque
-print ("The deque after extending deque at end is : ")
+print("The deque after extending deque at end is : ")
-print (de)
+print(de)
 
 # using extendleft() to add numbers to left end
 # adds 7,8,9 to right end
 de.extendleft([7,8,9])
 
 # printing modified deque
-print ("The deque after extending deque at beginning is : ")
+print("The deque after extending deque at beginning is : ")
-print (de)
+print(de)
 
 # using rotate() to rotate the deque
 # rotates by 3 to left
 de.rotate(-3)
 
 # printing modified deque
-print ("The deque after rotating deque is : ")
+print("The deque after rotating deque is : ")
-print (de)
+print(de)
 
 # using reverse() to reverse the deque
 de.reverse()
 
 # printing modified deque
-print ("The deque after reversing deque is : ")
+print("The deque after reversing deque is : ")
-print (de)
+print(de)

data_structures/stacks/stock_span_problem.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def calculateSpan(price, S):
 # A utility function to print elements of array
 def printArray(arr, n):
     for i in range(0,n):
-        print (arr[i],end =" ") 
+        print(arr[i],end =" ")
 
 
 # Driver program to test above function

machine_learning/logistic_regression.py

@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ def logistic_reg(
     return weights
 
     if iterations == max_iterations:
-        print ('Maximum iterations exceeded!')
+        print('Maximum iterations exceeded!')
-        print ('Minimal cost function J=', J)
+        print('Minimal cost function J=', J)
         converged = True
     return theta
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 
     alpha = 0.1
     theta = logistic_reg(alpha,X,y,max_iterations=70000,num_steps=30000)
-    print (theta)
+    print(theta)
 
 
     def predict_prob(X):

maths/quadratic_equations_complex_numbers.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def QuadraticEquation(a,b,c):
         if Delta >= 0:
             Solution1 = (-b + math.sqrt(Delta))/(2*a)
             Solution2 = (-b - math.sqrt(Delta))/(2*a)
-            print ("The equation solutions are: ", Solution1," and ", Solution2)
+            print("The equation solutions are: ", Solution1," and ", Solution2)
         else:
             """
             Treats cases of Complexes Solutions(i = imaginary unit)

other/fischer_yates_shuffle.py

@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ def FYshuffle(LIST):
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     integers = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
     strings = ['python', 'says', 'hello', '!']
-    print ('Fisher-Yates Shuffle:')
+    print('Fisher-Yates Shuffle:')
-    print ('List',integers, strings)
+    print('List',integers, strings)
-    print ('FY Shuffle',FYshuffle(integers), FYshuffle(strings))
+    print('FY Shuffle',FYshuffle(integers), FYshuffle(strings))