Created harshad_numbers.py (#9023)

* Created harshad_numbers.py

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* Update harshad_numbers.py

Fixed a few errors

* Update harshad_numbers.py

Added function type hints

* Update harshad_numbers.py

Fixed depreciated Tuple and List usage

* Update harshad_numbers.py

Fixed incompatible types in assignments

* Update harshad_numbers.py

Fixed incompatible type assignments

* Update maths/harshad_numbers.py

Co-authored-by: Tianyi Zheng <tianyizheng02@gmail.com>

* Update maths/harshad_numbers.py

Co-authored-by: Tianyi Zheng <tianyizheng02@gmail.com>

* Raised Value Error for negative inputs

* Update maths/harshad_numbers.py

Co-authored-by: Tianyi Zheng <tianyizheng02@gmail.com>

* Update maths/harshad_numbers.py

Co-authored-by: Tianyi Zheng <tianyizheng02@gmail.com>

* Update maths/harshad_numbers.py

Co-authored-by: Tianyi Zheng <tianyizheng02@gmail.com>

* Update harshad_numbers.py

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* Update harshad_numbers.py

* Update harshad_numbers.py

* Update harshad_numbers.py

* Update harshad_numbers.py

Added doc test to int_to_base, fixed nested loop, other minor changes

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---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tianyi Zheng <tianyizheng02@gmail.com>

maths/harshad_numbers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""
+A harshad number (or more specifically an n-harshad number) is a number that's
+divisible by the sum of its digits in some given base n.
+Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshad_number
+"""
+
+
+def int_to_base(number: int, base: int) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert a given positive decimal integer to base 'base'.
+    Where 'base' ranges from 2 to 36.
+
+    Examples:
+    >>> int_to_base(23, 2)
+    '10111'
+    >>> int_to_base(58, 5)
+    '213'
+    >>> int_to_base(167, 16)
+    'A7'
+    >>> # bases below 2 and beyond 36 will error
+    >>> int_to_base(98, 1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    >>> int_to_base(98, 37)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    """
+
+    if base < 2 or base > 36:
+        raise ValueError("'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive")
+
+    digits = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+    result = ""
+
+    if number < 0:
+        raise ValueError("number must be a positive integer")
+
+    while number > 0:
+        number, remainder = divmod(number, base)
+        result = digits[remainder] + result
+
+    if result == "":
+        result = "0"
+
+    return result
+
+
+def sum_of_digits(num: int, base: int) -> str:
+    """
+    Calculate the sum of digit values in a positive integer
+    converted to the given 'base'.
+    Where 'base' ranges from 2 to 36.
+
+    Examples:
+    >>> sum_of_digits(103, 12)
+    '13'
+    >>> sum_of_digits(1275, 4)
+    '30'
+    >>> sum_of_digits(6645, 2)
+    '1001'
+    >>> # bases below 2 and beyond 36 will error
+    >>> sum_of_digits(543, 1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    >>> sum_of_digits(543, 37)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    """
+
+    if base < 2 or base > 36:
+        raise ValueError("'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive")
+
+    num_str = int_to_base(num, base)
+    res = sum(int(char, base) for char in num_str)
+    res_str = int_to_base(res, base)
+    return res_str
+
+
+def harshad_numbers_in_base(limit: int, base: int) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Finds all Harshad numbers smaller than num in base 'base'.
+    Where 'base' ranges from 2 to 36.
+
+    Examples:
+    >>> harshad_numbers_in_base(15, 2)
+    ['1', '10', '100', '110', '1000', '1010', '1100']
+    >>> harshad_numbers_in_base(12, 34)
+    ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B']
+    >>> harshad_numbers_in_base(12, 4)
+    ['1', '2', '3', '10', '12', '20', '21']
+    >>> # bases below 2 and beyond 36 will error
+    >>> harshad_numbers_in_base(234, 37)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    >>> harshad_numbers_in_base(234, 1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    """
+
+    if base < 2 or base > 36:
+        raise ValueError("'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive")
+
+    if limit < 0:
+        return []
+
+    numbers = [
+        int_to_base(i, base)
+        for i in range(1, limit)
+        if i % int(sum_of_digits(i, base), base) == 0
+    ]
+
+    return numbers
+
+
+def is_harshad_number_in_base(num: int, base: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determines whether n in base 'base' is a harshad number.
+    Where 'base' ranges from 2 to 36.
+
+    Examples:
+    >>> is_harshad_number_in_base(18, 10)
+    True
+    >>> is_harshad_number_in_base(21, 10)
+    True
+    >>> is_harshad_number_in_base(-21, 5)
+    False
+    >>> # bases below 2 and beyond 36 will error
+    >>> is_harshad_number_in_base(45, 37)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    >>> is_harshad_number_in_base(45, 1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: 'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive
+    """
+
+    if base < 2 or base > 36:
+        raise ValueError("'base' must be between 2 and 36 inclusive")
+
+    if num < 0:
+        return False
+
+    n = int_to_base(num, base)
+    d = sum_of_digits(num, base)
+    return int(n, base) % int(d, base) == 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()