Add perfect cube binary search (#10477)

* Add perfect cube binary search algorithm

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Add support for testing negative perfect cubes

* Add TypeError check for invalid inputs

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

maths/perfect_cube.py

@@ -11,6 +11,45 @@ def perfect_cube(n: int) -> bool:
     return (val * val * val) == n
 
 
+def perfect_cube_binary_search(n: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a number is a perfect cube or not using binary search.
+    Time complexity : O(Log(n))
+    Space complexity: O(1)
+
+    >>> perfect_cube_binary_search(27)
+    True
+    >>> perfect_cube_binary_search(64)
+    True
+    >>> perfect_cube_binary_search(4)
+    False
+    >>> perfect_cube_binary_search("a")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: perfect_cube_binary_search() only accepts integers
+    >>> perfect_cube_binary_search(0.1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: perfect_cube_binary_search() only accepts integers
+    """
+    if not isinstance(n, int):
+        raise TypeError("perfect_cube_binary_search() only accepts integers")
+    if n < 0:
+        n = -n
+    left = 0
+    right = n
+    while left <= right:
+        mid = left + (right - left) // 2
+        if mid * mid * mid == n:
+            return True
+        elif mid * mid * mid < n:
+            left = mid + 1
+        else:
+            right = mid - 1
+    return False
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    print(perfect_cube(27))
-    print(perfect_cube(4))
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()