Create deque_doubly.py (#1652)

* Create deque_doubly.py

Implementing Deque ADT using Doubly Linked List....

* Update deque_doubly.py

* Update deque_doubly.py

Adding doctest

* Update doctest of deque_doubly.py

* Update deque_doubly.py

* linked_list.

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

data_structures/linked_list/deque_doubly.py

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+"""
+Implementing Deque using DoublyLinkedList ... 
+Operations:
+    1. insertion in the front -> O(1)
+    2. insertion in the end -> O(1)
+    3. remove fron the front -> O(1)
+    4. remove from the end -> O(1)
+"""
+
+class _DoublyLinkedBase:
+    """ A Private class (to be inherited) """
+    class _Node:
+        __slots__ = '_prev', '_data', '_next'
+        def __init__(self, link_p, element, link_n):
+            self._prev = link_p
+            self._data = element
+            self._next = link_n
+        
+        def has_next_and_prev(self):
+            return " Prev -> {0}, Next -> {1}".format(self._prev != None, self._next != None)
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._header = self._Node(None, None, None)
+        self._trailer = self._Node(None, None, None)
+        self._header._next = self._trailer
+        self._trailer._prev = self._header
+        self._size = 0
+    
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self._size
+    
+    def is_empty(self):
+        return self.__len__() == 0
+    
+    def _insert(self, predecessor, e, successor):
+        # Create new_node by setting it's prev.link -> header
+        # setting it's next.link -> trailer
+        new_node = self._Node(predecessor, e, successor)
+        predecessor._next = new_node
+        successor._prev = new_node
+        self._size += 1
+        return self
+    
+    def _delete(self, node):
+        predecessor = node._prev
+        successor = node._next
+        
+        predecessor._next = successor
+        successor._prev = predecessor
+        self._size -= 1
+        temp = node._data
+        node._prev = node._next = node._data = None
+        del node
+        return temp
+
+class LinkedDeque(_DoublyLinkedBase):
+    
+    def first(self):
+        """ return first element 
+        >>> d = LinkedDeque()
+        >>> d.add_first('A').first()
+        'A'
+        >>> d.add_first('B').first()
+        'B'
+        """ 
+        if self.is_empty():
+            raise Exception('List is empty')
+        return self._header._next._data
+    
+    def last(self):
+        """ return last element
+        >>> d = LinkedDeque()
+        >>> d.add_last('A').last()
+        'A'
+        >>> d.add_last('B').last()
+        'B'
+        """
+        if self.is_empty():
+            raise Exception('List is empty')
+        return self._trailer._prev._data
+    
+    ### DEque Insert Operations (At the front, At the end) ###
+    
+    def add_first(self, element):
+        """ insertion in the front
+        >>> LinkedDeque().add_first('AV').first()
+        'AV'
+        """
+        return self._insert(self._header, element, self._header._next)
+    
+    def add_last(self, element):
+        """ insertion in the end
+        >>> LinkedDeque().add_last('B').last()
+        'B'
+        """
+        return self._insert(self._trailer._prev, element, self._trailer)
+    
+    ### DEqueu Remove Operations (At the front, At the end) ###
+    
+    def remove_first(self):
+        """ removal from the front
+        >>> d = LinkedDeque()
+        >>> d.is_empty()
+        True
+        >>> d.remove_first()
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+           ...
+        IndexError: remove_first from empty list
+        >>> d.add_first('A') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+        <linked_list.deque_doubly.LinkedDeque object at ...
+        >>> d.remove_first()
+        'A'
+        >>> d.is_empty()
+        True
+        """
+        if self.is_empty():
+            raise IndexError('remove_first from empty list')
+        return self._delete(self._header._next)
+    
+    def remove_last(self):
+        """ removal in the end
+        >>> d = LinkedDeque()
+        >>> d.is_empty()
+        True
+        >>> d.remove_last()
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+           ...
+        IndexError: remove_first from empty list
+        >>> d.add_first('A') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+        <linked_list.deque_doubly.LinkedDeque object at ...
+        >>> d.remove_last()
+        'A'
+        >>> d.is_empty()
+        True
+        """
+        if self.is_empty():
+            raise IndexError('remove_first from empty list')
+        return self._delete(self._trailer._prev)