Add algorithm to convert decimal number to its simplest fraction form (#8001)

* Added algorithm to convert decimal number to its simplest fraction form

* Apply suggested changes

maths/decimal_to_fraction.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+def decimal_to_fraction(decimal: int | float | str) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    """
+    Return a decimal number in its simplest fraction form
+    >>> decimal_to_fraction(2)
+    (2, 1)
+    >>> decimal_to_fraction(89.)
+    (89, 1)
+    >>> decimal_to_fraction("67")
+    (67, 1)
+    >>> decimal_to_fraction("45.0")
+    (45, 1)
+    >>> decimal_to_fraction(1.5)
+    (3, 2)
+    >>> decimal_to_fraction("6.25")
+    (25, 4)
+    >>> decimal_to_fraction("78td")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ValueError: Please enter a valid number
+    """
+    try:
+        decimal = float(decimal)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ValueError("Please enter a valid number")
+    fractional_part = decimal - int(decimal)
+    if fractional_part == 0:
+        return int(decimal), 1
+    else:
+        number_of_frac_digits = len(str(decimal).split(".")[1])
+        numerator = int(decimal * (10**number_of_frac_digits))
+        denominator = 10**number_of_frac_digits
+        divisor, dividend = denominator, numerator
+        while True:
+            remainder = dividend % divisor
+            if remainder == 0:
+                break
+            dividend, divisor = divisor, remainder
+        numerator, denominator = numerator / divisor, denominator / divisor
+        return int(numerator), int(denominator)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(f"{decimal_to_fraction(2) = }")
+    print(f"{decimal_to_fraction(89.0) = }")
+    print(f"{decimal_to_fraction('67') = }")
+    print(f"{decimal_to_fraction('45.0') = }")
+    print(f"{decimal_to_fraction(1.5) = }")
+    print(f"{decimal_to_fraction('6.25') = }")
+    print(f"{decimal_to_fraction('78td') = }")