diff --git a/DIRECTORY.md b/DIRECTORY.md index 94ec42832..c1fad8d9d 100644 --- a/DIRECTORY.md +++ b/DIRECTORY.md @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ * [All Permutations](backtracking/all_permutations.py) * [All Subsequences](backtracking/all_subsequences.py) * [Coloring](backtracking/coloring.py) + * [Combination Sum](backtracking/combination_sum.py) * [Hamiltonian Cycle](backtracking/hamiltonian_cycle.py) * [Knight Tour](backtracking/knight_tour.py) * [Minimax](backtracking/minimax.py) diff --git a/backtracking/combination_sum.py b/backtracking/combination_sum.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f555adb75 --- /dev/null +++ b/backtracking/combination_sum.py @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +""" +In the Combination Sum problem, we are given a list consisting of distinct integers. +We need to find all the combinations whose sum equals to target given. +We can use an element more than one. + +Time complexity(Average Case): O(n!) + +Constraints: +1 <= candidates.length <= 30 +2 <= candidates[i] <= 40 +All elements of candidates are distinct. +1 <= target <= 40 +""" + + +def backtrack( + candidates: list, path: list, answer: list, target: int, previous_index: int +) -> None: + """ + A recursive function that searches for possible combinations. Backtracks in case + of a bigger current combination value than the target value. + + Parameters + ---------- + previous_index: Last index from the previous search + target: The value we need to obtain by summing our integers in the path list. + answer: A list of possible combinations + path: Current combination + candidates: A list of integers we can use. + """ + if target == 0: + answer.append(path.copy()) + else: + for index in range(previous_index, len(candidates)): + if target >= candidates[index]: + path.append(candidates[index]) + backtrack(candidates, path, answer, target - candidates[index], index) + path.pop(len(path) - 1) + + +def combination_sum(candidates: list, target: int) -> list: + """ + >>> combination_sum([2, 3, 5], 8) + [[2, 2, 2, 2], [2, 3, 3], [3, 5]] + >>> combination_sum([2, 3, 6, 7], 7) + [[2, 2, 3], [7]] + >>> combination_sum([-8, 2.3, 0], 1) + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in comparison + """ + path = [] # type: list[int] + answer = [] # type: list[int] + backtrack(candidates, path, answer, target, 0) + return answer + + +def main() -> None: + print(combination_sum([-8, 2.3, 0], 1)) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import doctest + + doctest.testmod() + main()