Add dataclasses to binary_search_tree.py (#10920)

data_structures/binary_tree/binary_search_tree.py

@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@ Example
 >>> t.insert(8, 3, 6, 1, 10, 14, 13, 4, 7)
 >>> print(" ".join(repr(i.value) for i in t.traversal_tree()))
 8 3 1 6 4 7 10 14 13
+
+>>> tuple(i.value for i in t.traversal_tree(inorder))
+(1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14)
+>>> tuple(t)
+(1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14)
+>>> t.find_kth_smallest(3, t.root)
+4
+>>> tuple(t)[3-1]
+4
+
 >>> print(" ".join(repr(i.value) for i in t.traversal_tree(postorder)))
 1 4 7 6 3 13 14 10 8
 >>> t.remove(20)
@@ -39,8 +49,12 @@ Prints all the elements of the list in order traversal
 Test existence
 >>> t.search(6) is not None
 True
+>>> 6 in t
+True
 >>> t.search(-1) is not None
 False
+>>> -1 in t
+False
 
 >>> t.search(6).is_right
 True
@@ -49,26 +63,47 @@ False
 
 >>> t.get_max().value
 14
+>>> max(t)
+14
 >>> t.get_min().value
 1
+>>> min(t)
+1
 >>> t.empty()
 False
+>>> not t
+False
 >>> for i in testlist:
 ...     t.remove(i)
 >>> t.empty()
 True
+>>> not t
+True
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Iterable
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any
 
 
+@dataclass
 class Node:
-    def __init__(self, value: int | None = None):
+    value: int
-        self.value = value
+    left: Node | None = None
-        self.parent: Node | None = None  # Added in order to delete a node easier
+    right: Node | None = None
-        self.left: Node | None = None
+    parent: Node | None = None  # Added in order to delete a node easier
-        self.right: Node | None = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]:
+        """
+        >>> list(Node(0))
+        [0]
+        >>> list(Node(0, Node(-1), Node(1), None))
+        [-1, 0, 1]
+        """
+        yield from self.left or []
+        yield self.value
+        yield from self.right or []
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         from pprint import pformat
@@ -79,12 +114,18 @@ class Node:
 
     @property
     def is_right(self) -> bool:
-        return self.parent is not None and self is self.parent.right
+        return bool(self.parent and self is self.parent.right)
 
 
+@dataclass
 class BinarySearchTree:
-    def __init__(self, root: Node | None = None):
+    root: Node | None = None
-        self.root = root
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self.root)
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]:
+        yield from self.root or []
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         """
@@ -227,6 +268,16 @@ class BinarySearchTree:
         return arr[k - 1]
 
 
+def inorder(curr_node: Node | None) -> list[Node]:
+    """
+    inorder (left, self, right)
+    """
+    node_list = []
+    if curr_node is not None:
+        node_list = inorder(curr_node.left) + [curr_node] + inorder(curr_node.right)
+    return node_list
+
+
 def postorder(curr_node: Node | None) -> list[Node]:
     """
     postOrder (left, right, self)