Add Spain National ID validator (#7574) (#7575)

* Add Spain National ID validator (#7574)

* is_spain_national_id()

* Update is_spain_national_id.py

* Some systems add a dash

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

strings/is_spain_national_id.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+NUMBERS_PLUS_LETTER = "Input must be a string of 8 numbers plus letter"
+LOOKUP_LETTERS = "TRWAGMYFPDXBNJZSQVHLCKE"
+
+
+def is_spain_national_id(spanish_id: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Spain National Id is a string composed by 8 numbers plus a letter
+    The letter in fact is not part of the ID, it acts as a validator,
+    checking you didn't do a mistake when entering it on a system or
+    are giving a fake one.
+
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documento_Nacional_de_Identidad_(Spain)#Number
+
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("12345678Z")
+    True
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("12345678z")  # It is case-insensitive
+    True
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("12345678x")
+    False
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("12345678I")
+    False
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("12345678-Z")  # Some systems add a dash
+    True
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("12345678")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Input must be a string of 8 numbers plus letter
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("123456709")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Input must be a string of 8 numbers plus letter
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("1234567--Z")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Input must be a string of 8 numbers plus letter
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("1234Z")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Input must be a string of 8 numbers plus letter
+    >>> is_spain_national_id("1234ZzZZ")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Input must be a string of 8 numbers plus letter
+    >>> is_spain_national_id(12345678)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Expected string as input, found int
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(spanish_id, str):
+        raise TypeError(f"Expected string as input, found {type(spanish_id).__name__}")
+
+    spanish_id_clean = spanish_id.replace("-", "").upper()
+    if len(spanish_id_clean) != 9:
+        raise ValueError(NUMBERS_PLUS_LETTER)
+
+    try:
+        number = int(spanish_id_clean[0:8])
+        letter = spanish_id_clean[8]
+    except ValueError as ex:
+        raise ValueError(NUMBERS_PLUS_LETTER) from ex
+
+    if letter.isdigit():
+        raise ValueError(NUMBERS_PLUS_LETTER)
+
+    return letter == LOOKUP_LETTERS[number % 23]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()