* pre-commit: Upgrade psf/black for stable style 2023
Updating https://github.com/psf/black ... updating 22.12.0 -> 23.1.0 for their `2023 stable style`.
* https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/CHANGES.md#2310
> This is the first [psf/black] release of 2023, and following our stability policy, it comes with a number of improvements to our stable style…
Also, add https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt and https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject to pre-commit.
I only modified `.pre-commit-config.yaml` and all other files were modified by pre-commit.ci and psf/black.
* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
* [mypy] fix type annotations for problem003/sol1 and problem003/sol3
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem007/sol2
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem008/sol2
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem009/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem014/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem 025/sol2
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem026/sol1.py
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem037/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem044/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem046/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem051/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem074/sol2
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem080/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem099/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem101/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem188/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem191/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem207/sol1
* [mypy] fix type annotations for project euler problem551/sol1
