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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ We want your work to be readable by others; therefore, we encourage you to note
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```bash
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python3 -m pip install ruff # only required the first time
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ruff .
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ruff check
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```
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- Original code submission require docstrings or comments to describe your work.
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38
data_structures/stacks/lexicographical_numbers.py
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38
data_structures/stacks/lexicographical_numbers.py
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@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
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from collections.abc import Iterator
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def lexical_order(max_number: int) -> Iterator[int]:
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"""
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Generate numbers in lexical order from 1 to max_number.
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>>> " ".join(map(str, lexical_order(13)))
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'1 10 11 12 13 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'
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>>> list(lexical_order(1))
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[1]
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>>> " ".join(map(str, lexical_order(20)))
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'1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 20 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'
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>>> " ".join(map(str, lexical_order(25)))
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'1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 20 21 22 23 24 25 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'
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>>> list(lexical_order(12))
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[1, 10, 11, 12, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
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"""
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stack = [1]
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while stack:
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num = stack.pop()
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if num > max_number:
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continue
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yield num
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if (num % 10) != 9:
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stack.append(num + 1)
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stack.append(num * 10)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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from doctest import testmod
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testmod()
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print(f"Numbers from 1 to 25 in lexical order: {list(lexical_order(26))}")
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@ -28,6 +28,24 @@ def longest_common_subsequence(x: str, y: str):
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(2, 'ph')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("computer", "food")
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(1, 'o')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("", "abc") # One string is empty
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(0, '')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("abc", "") # Other string is empty
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(0, '')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("", "") # Both strings are empty
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(0, '')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("abc", "def") # No common subsequence
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(0, '')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("abc", "abc") # Identical strings
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(3, 'abc')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("a", "a") # Single character match
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(1, 'a')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("a", "b") # Single character no match
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(0, '')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("abcdef", "ace") # Interleaved subsequence
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(3, 'ace')
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>>> longest_common_subsequence("ABCD", "ACBD") # No repeated characters
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(3, 'ABD')
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"""
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# find the length of strings
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41
physics/bragg_angle.py
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physics/bragg_angle.py
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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
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import math
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def bragg_angle(distance: float, order: int, wavelength: float) -> float:
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"""
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Calculate the Bragg diffraction angle using the formula:
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sin(θ) = (n * λ) / (2 * d)
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Parameters:
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distance d (float): Distance between crystal planes (in meters).
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order n (int): Order of reflection.
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wavelength λ (float): Wavelength of the radiation (in meters).
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Examples:
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>>> bragg_angle(2.2e-10, 1, 2.2e-10)
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30.0
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>>> bragg_angle(5e-10, 2, 1e-10)
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11.5
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>>> bragg_angle(4e-10, 1, 4e-10)
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30.0
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# Test case for an invalid sine value (out of range)
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>>> bragg_angle(1e-10, 2, 3e-10)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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ValueError: The calculated sine value is out of the valid range.
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"""
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sine_theta = (order * wavelength) / (2 * distance)
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if sine_theta > 1 or sine_theta < -1:
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raise ValueError("The calculated sine value is out of the valid range.")
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theta_radians = math.asin(sine_theta)
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theta_degrees = math.degrees(theta_radians)
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return round(theta_degrees, 1)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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import doctest
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doctest.testmod(verbose=True)
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