def factorial(n: int) -> int: """ Calculate the factorial of a positive integer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial >>> import math >>> all(factorial(i) == math.factorial(i) for i in range(20)) True >>> factorial(0.1) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: factorial() only accepts integral values >>> factorial(-1) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: factorial() not defined for negative values """ if not isinstance(n, int): raise ValueError("factorial() only accepts integral values") if n < 0: raise ValueError("factorial() not defined for negative values") return 1 if n == 0 or n == 1 else n * factorial(n - 1) if __name__ == "__main__": import doctest doctest.testmod()