ROMAN = [ (1000000, "M_"), (900000, "C_M_"), (500000, "D_"), (400000, "C_D_"), (100000, "C_"), (90000, "X_C_"), (50000, "L_"), (40000, "X_L_"), (10000, "X_"), (9000, "I_X_"), (5000, "V_"), (4000, "I_V_"), (1000, "M"), (900, "CM"), (500, "D"), (400, "CD"), (100, "C"), (90, "XC"), (50, "L"), (40, "XL"), (10, "X"), (9, "IX"), (5, "V"), (4, "IV"), (1, "I"), ] def roman_to_int(roman): vals = {roman: arabic for arabic, roman in ROMAN} i, total = 0, 0 while i < len(roman): if i + 1 < len(roman) and roman[i + 1] == "_": total += vals[roman[i] + "_"] i += 2 else: total += vals[roman[i]] i += 1 return total def int_to_roman(number): if not isinstance(number, int) or number <= 0: raise ValueError("Input must be a positive integer greater than 0") result = [] for arabic, roman in ROMAN: factor, number = divmod(number, arabic) result.append(roman * factor) if number == 0: break return "".join(result) if __name__ == "__main__": import doctest doctest.testmod()