# Factorial of a number using memoization from functools import lru_cache @lru_cache def factorial(num: int) -> int: """ >>> factorial(7) 5040 >>> factorial(-1) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: Number should not be negative. >>> [factorial(i) for i in range(10)] [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880] """ if num < 0: raise ValueError("Number should not be negative.") return 1 if num in (0, 1) else num * factorial(num - 1) if __name__ == "__main__": import doctest doctest.testmod()