from PIL import Image """ Mean thresholding algorithm for image processing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thresholding_(image_processing) """ def mean_threshold(image: Image) -> Image: """ image: is a grayscale PIL image object """ height, width = image.size mean = 0 pixels = image.load() for i in range(width): for j in range(height): pixel = pixels[j, i] mean += pixel mean //= width * height for j in range(width): for i in range(height): pixels[i, j] = 255 if pixels[i, j] > mean else 0 return image if __name__ == "__main__": image = mean_threshold(Image.open("path_to_image").convert("L")) image.save("output_image_path")