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* pre-commit: Upgrade psf/black for stable style 2023 Updating https://github.com/psf/black ... updating 22.12.0 -> 23.1.0 for their `2023 stable style`. * https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/CHANGES.md#2310 > This is the first [psf/black] release of 2023, and following our stability policy, it comes with a number of improvements to our stable style… Also, add https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt and https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject to pre-commit. I only modified `.pre-commit-config.yaml` and all other files were modified by pre-commit.ci and psf/black. * [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci --------- Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
86 lines
2.6 KiB
Python
86 lines
2.6 KiB
Python
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law
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from __future__ import annotations
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COULOMBS_CONSTANT = 8.988e9 # units = N * m^s * C^-2
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def couloumbs_law(
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force: float, charge1: float, charge2: float, distance: float
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) -> dict[str, float]:
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"""
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Apply Coulomb's Law on any three given values. These can be force, charge1,
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charge2, or distance, and then in a Python dict return name/value pair of
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the zero value.
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Coulomb's Law states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force of
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attraction or repulsion between two point charges is directly proportional
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to the product of the magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional to
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the square of the distance between them.
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Reference
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----------
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Coulomb (1785) "Premier mémoire sur l’électricité et le magnétisme,"
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Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, pp. 569–577.
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Parameters
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----------
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force : float with units in Newtons
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charge1 : float with units in Coulombs
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charge2 : float with units in Coulombs
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distance : float with units in meters
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Returns
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-------
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result : dict name/value pair of the zero value
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>>> couloumbs_law(force=0, charge1=3, charge2=5, distance=2000)
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{'force': 33705.0}
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>>> couloumbs_law(force=10, charge1=3, charge2=5, distance=0)
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{'distance': 116112.01488218177}
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>>> couloumbs_law(force=10, charge1=0, charge2=5, distance=2000)
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{'charge1': 0.0008900756564307966}
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>>> couloumbs_law(force=0, charge1=0, charge2=5, distance=2000)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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ValueError: One and only one argument must be 0
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>>> couloumbs_law(force=0, charge1=3, charge2=5, distance=-2000)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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ValueError: Distance cannot be negative
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"""
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charge_product = abs(charge1 * charge2)
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if (force, charge1, charge2, distance).count(0) != 1:
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raise ValueError("One and only one argument must be 0")
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if distance < 0:
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raise ValueError("Distance cannot be negative")
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if force == 0:
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force = COULOMBS_CONSTANT * charge_product / (distance**2)
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return {"force": force}
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elif charge1 == 0:
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charge1 = abs(force) * (distance**2) / (COULOMBS_CONSTANT * charge2)
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return {"charge1": charge1}
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elif charge2 == 0:
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charge2 = abs(force) * (distance**2) / (COULOMBS_CONSTANT * charge1)
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return {"charge2": charge2}
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elif distance == 0:
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distance = (COULOMBS_CONSTANT * charge_product / abs(force)) ** 0.5
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return {"distance": distance}
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raise ValueError("Exactly one argument must be 0")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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import doctest
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doctest.testmod()
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