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* Add algorithm for Newton's Law of Gravitation * [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci * Update physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com> * One and only one argument must be 0 * Update newtons_law_of_gravitation.py Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
101 lines
3.5 KiB
Python
101 lines
3.5 KiB
Python
"""
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Title : Finding the value of either Gravitational Force, one of the masses or distance
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provided that the other three parameters are given.
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Description : Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation explains the presence of force of
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attraction between bodies having a definite mass situated at a distance. It is usually
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stated as that, every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a
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force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
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proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. The publication of the
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theory has become known as the "first great unification", as it marked the unification
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of the previously described phenomena of gravity on Earth with known astronomical
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behaviors.
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The equation for the universal gravitation is as follows:
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F = (G * mass_1 * mass_2) / (distance)^2
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Source :
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- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation
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- Newton (1687) "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica"
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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# Define the Gravitational Constant G and the function
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GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT = 6.6743e-11 # unit of G : m^3 * kg^-1 * s^-2
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def gravitational_law(
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force: float, mass_1: float, mass_2: float, distance: float
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) -> dict[str, float]:
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"""
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Input Parameters
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----------------
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force : magnitude in Newtons
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mass_1 : mass in Kilograms
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mass_2 : mass in Kilograms
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distance : distance in Meters
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Returns
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-------
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result : dict name, value pair of the parameter having Zero as it's value
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Returns the value of one of the parameters specified as 0, provided the values of
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other parameters are given.
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>>> gravitational_law(force=0, mass_1=5, mass_2=10, distance=20)
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{'force': 8.342875e-12}
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>>> gravitational_law(force=7367.382, mass_1=0, mass_2=74, distance=3048)
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{'mass_1': 1.385816317292268e+19}
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>>> gravitational_law(force=36337.283, mass_1=0, mass_2=0, distance=35584)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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ValueError: One and only one argument must be 0
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>>> gravitational_law(force=36337.283, mass_1=-674, mass_2=0, distance=35584)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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ValueError: Mass can not be negative
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>>> gravitational_law(force=-847938e12, mass_1=674, mass_2=0, distance=9374)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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...
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ValueError: Gravitational force can not be negative
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"""
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product_of_mass = mass_1 * mass_2
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if (force, mass_1, mass_2, distance).count(0) != 1:
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raise ValueError("One and only one argument must be 0")
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if force < 0:
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raise ValueError("Gravitational force can not be negative")
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if distance < 0:
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raise ValueError("Distance can not be negative")
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if mass_1 < 0 or mass_2 < 0:
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raise ValueError("Mass can not be negative")
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if force == 0:
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force = GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * product_of_mass / (distance**2)
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return {"force": force}
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elif mass_1 == 0:
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mass_1 = (force) * (distance**2) / (GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * mass_2)
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return {"mass_1": mass_1}
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elif mass_2 == 0:
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mass_2 = (force) * (distance**2) / (GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * mass_1)
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return {"mass_2": mass_2}
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elif distance == 0:
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distance = (GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT * product_of_mass / (force)) ** 0.5
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return {"distance": distance}
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raise ValueError("One and only one argument must be 0")
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# Run doctest
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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import doctest
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doctest.testmod()
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