diff --git a/.ipynb_checkpoints/python_true_false-checkpoint.ipynb b/.ipynb_checkpoints/python_true_false-checkpoint.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4108cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.ipynb_checkpoints/python_true_false-checkpoint.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Sebastian Raschka, 03/2014  \n",
+      "Code was executed in Python 3.4.0"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "###`True` and `False` in the `datetime` module\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pointed out in a nice article **\"A false midnight\"** at [http://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/590299/bf73fe823974acea/](http://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/590299/bf73fe823974acea/):\n",
+      "\n",
+      "*\"it often comes as a big surprise for programmers to find (sometimes by way of a hard-to-reproduce bug) that,   \n",
+      "unlike any other time value, midnight (i.e. datetime.time(0,0,0)) is False.  \n",
+      "A long discussion on the python-ideas mailing list shows that, while surprising,  \n",
+      "that behavior is desirable\u2014at least in some quarters.\"*"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import datetime\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('\"datetime.time(0,0,0)\" (Midnight) evaluates to', bool(datetime.time(0,0,0)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('\"datetime.time(1,0,0)\" (1 am) evaluates to', bool(datetime.time(1,0,0)))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\"datetime.time(0,0,0)\" (Midnight) evaluates to False\n",
+        "\"datetime.time(1,0,0)\" (1 am) evaluates to True\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "## Boolean `True`"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_true_val = True\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_true_val == True:', my_true_val == True)\n",
+      "print('my_true_val is True:', my_true_val is True)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_true_val == None:', my_true_val == None)\n",
+      "print('my_true_val is None:', my_true_val is None)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_true_val == False:', my_true_val == False)\n",
+      "print('my_true_val is False:', my_true_val is False)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(my_true_val\n",
+      "if my_true_val:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_true_val:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_true_val:\" is False')\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "if not my_true_val:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_true_val:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_true_val:\" is False')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_true_val == True: True\n",
+        "my_true_val is True: True\n",
+        "my_true_val == None: False\n",
+        "my_true_val is None: False\n",
+        "my_true_val == False: False\n",
+        "my_true_val is False: False\n",
+        "\"if my_true_val:\" is True\n",
+        "\"if not my_true_val:\" is False\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 83
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "## Boolean `False`"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_false_val = False\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_false_val == True:', my_false_val == True)\n",
+      "print('my_false_val is True:', my_false_val is True)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_false_val == None:', my_false_val == None)\n",
+      "print('my_false_val is None:', my_false_val is None)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_false_val == False:', my_false_val == False)\n",
+      "print('my_false_val is False:', my_false_val is False)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if my_false_val:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_false_val:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_false_val:\" is False')\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "if not my_false_val:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_false_val:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_false_val:\" is False')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_false_val == True: False\n",
+        "my_false_val is True: False\n",
+        "my_false_val == None: False\n",
+        "my_false_val is None: False\n",
+        "my_false_val == False: True\n",
+        "my_false_val is False: True\n",
+        "\"if my_false_val:\" is False\n",
+        "\"if not my_false_val:\" is True\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 76
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "## `None` 'value'"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_none_var = None\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_none_var == True:', my_none_var == True)\n",
+      "print('my_none_var is True:', my_none_var is True)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_none_var == None:', my_none_var == None)\n",
+      "print('my_none_var is None:', my_none_var is None)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_none_var == False:', my_none_var == False)\n",
+      "print('my_none_var is False:', my_none_var is False)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if my_none_var:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_none_var:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_none_var:\" is False')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if not my_none_var:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_none_var:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_none_var:\" is False')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_none_var == True: False\n",
+        "my_none_var is True: False\n",
+        "my_none_var == None: True\n",
+        "my_none_var is None: True\n",
+        "my_none_var == False: False\n",
+        "my_none_var is False: False\n",
+        "\"if my_none_var:\" is False\n",
+        "\"if not my_none_var:\" is True\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 62
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "## Empty String"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_empty_string = \"\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_empty_string == True:', my_empty_string == True)\n",
+      "print('my_empty_string is True:', my_empty_string is True)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_empty_string == None:', my_empty_string == None)\n",
+      "print('my_empty_string is None:', my_empty_string is None)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_empty_string == False:', my_empty_string == False)\n",
+      "print('my_empty_string is False:', my_empty_string is False)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if my_empty_string:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_empty_string:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_empty_string:\" is False')\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "if not my_empty_string:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_empty_string:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_empty_string:\" is False')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_empty_string == True: False\n",
+        "my_empty_string is True: False\n",
+        "my_empty_string == None: False\n",
+        "my_empty_string is None: False\n",
+        "my_empty_string == False: False\n",
+        "my_empty_string is False: False\n",
+        "\"if my_empty_string:\" is False\n",
+        "\"if my_empty_string:\" is True\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 61
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "## Empty List\n",
+      "It is generally not a good idea to use the `==` to check for empty lists..."
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_empty_list = []\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_empty_list == True:', my_empty_list == True)\n",
+      "print('my_empty_list is True:', my_empty_list is True)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_empty_list == None:', my_empty_list == None)\n",
+      "print('my_empty_list is None:', my_empty_list is None)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_empty_list == False:', my_empty_list == False)\n",
+      "print('my_empty_list is False:', my_empty_list is False)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if my_empty_list:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_empty_list:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_empty_list:\" is False')\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "if not my_empty_list:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_empty_list:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_empty_list:\" is False')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "    \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_empty_list == True: False\n",
+        "my_empty_list is True: False\n",
+        "my_empty_list == None: False\n",
+        "my_empty_list is None: False\n",
+        "my_empty_list == False: False\n",
+        "my_empty_list is False: False\n",
+        "\"if my_empty_list:\" is False\n",
+        "\"if not my_empty_list:\" is True\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 67
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "## [0]-List"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_zero_list = [0]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_zero_list == True:', my_zero_list == True)\n",
+      "print('my_zero_list is True:', my_zero_list is True)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_zero_list == None:', my_zero_list == None)\n",
+      "print('my_zero_list is None:', my_zero_list is None)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('my_zero_list == False:', my_zero_list == False)\n",
+      "print('my_zero_list is False:', my_zero_list is False)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if my_zero_list:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_zero_list:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if my_zero_list:\" is False')\n",
+      "    \n",
+      "if not my_zero_list:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_zero_list:\" is True')\n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    print('\"if not my_zero_list:\" is False')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_zero_list == True: False\n",
+        "my_zero_list is True: False\n",
+        "my_zero_list == None: False\n",
+        "my_zero_list is None: False\n",
+        "my_zero_list == False: False\n",
+        "my_zero_list is False: False\n",
+        "\"if my_zero_list:\" is True\n",
+        "\"if not my_zero_list:\" is False\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 70
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "## List comparison  \n",
+      "List comparisons are a handy way to show the difference between `==` and `is`.  \n",
+      "While `==` is rather evaluating the equality of the value, `is` is checking if two objects are equal.\n",
+      "The examples below show that we can assign a pointer to the same list object by using `=`, e.g., `list1 = list2`.   \n",
+      "a) If we want to make a **shallow** copy of the list values, we have to make a little tweak: `list1 = list2[:]`, or  \n",
+      "b) a **deepcopy** via `list1 = copy.deepcopy(list2)`\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Possibly the best explanation of shallow vs. deep copies I've read so far:\n",
+      "\n",
+      "*** \"Shallow copies duplicate as little as possible. A shallow copy of a collection is a copy of the collection structure, not the elements. With a shallow copy, two collections now share the individual elements.\n",
+      "Deep copies duplicate everything. A deep copy of a collection is two collections with all of the elements in the original collection duplicated.\"***\n",
+      "\n",
+      "(via [S.Lott](http://stackoverflow.com/users/10661/s-lott) on [StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/184710/what-is-the-difference-between-a-deep-copy-and-a-shallow-copy))"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "###a) Shallow vs. deep copies for simple elements  \n",
+      "List modification of the original list doesn't affect  \n",
+      "shallow copies or deep copies if the list contains literals."
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from copy import deepcopy\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_first_list = [1]\n",
+      "my_second_list = [1]\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_second_list:', my_first_list == my_second_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_second_list:', my_first_list is my_second_list)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_third_list = my_first_list\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_third_list:', my_first_list == my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_third_list:', my_first_list is my_third_list)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_shallow_copy = my_first_list[:]\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list == my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list is my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_deep_copy = deepcopy(my_first_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_deep_copy:', my_first_list == my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_deep_copy:', my_first_list is my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('\\nmy_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_first_list[0] = 2\n",
+      "print('after setting \"my_first_list[0] = 2\"')\n",
+      "print('my_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_first_list == my_second_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_second_list: False\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_third_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_third_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_shallow_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_shallow_copy: False\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_deep_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_deep_copy: False\n",
+        "\n",
+        "my_third_list: [1]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [1]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [1]\n",
+        "after setting \"my_first_list[0] = 2\"\n",
+        "my_third_list: [2]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [1]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [1]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "### b) Shallow vs. deep copies if list contains other structures and objects\n",
+      "List modification of the original list does affect  \n",
+      "shallow copies, but not deep copies if the list contains compound objects."
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_first_list = [[1],[2]]\n",
+      "my_second_list = [[1],[2]]\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_second_list:', my_first_list == my_second_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_second_list:', my_first_list is my_second_list)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_third_list = my_first_list\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_third_list:', my_first_list == my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_third_list:', my_first_list is my_third_list)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_shallow_copy = my_first_list[:]\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list == my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list is my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_deep_copy = deepcopy(my_first_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_deep_copy:', my_first_list == my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_deep_copy:', my_first_list is my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('\\nmy_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_first_list[0][0] = 2\n",
+      "print('after setting \"my_first_list[0][0] = 2\"')\n",
+      "print('my_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_first_list == my_second_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_second_list: False\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_third_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_third_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_shallow_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_shallow_copy: False\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_deep_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_deep_copy: False\n",
+        "\n",
+        "my_third_list: [[1], [2]]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [[1], [2]]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [[1], [2]]\n",
+        "after setting \"my_first_list[0][0] = 2\"\n",
+        "my_third_list: [[2], [2]]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [[2], [2]]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [[1], [2]]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Some Python oddity:"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = 1\n",
+      "b = 1\n",
+      "print('a is b', bool(a is b))\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = 999\n",
+      "b = 999\n",
+      "print('a is b', bool(a is b))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a is b True\n",
+        "a is b False\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 15,
+       "text": [
+        "False"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/python_true_false.ipynb b/python_true_false.ipynb
index 7ef1577..4108cd6 100644
--- a/python_true_false.ipynb
+++ b/python_true_false.ipynb
@@ -35,17 +35,9 @@
      "input": [
       "import datetime\n",
       "\n",
-      "print(datetime.time(0,0,0), '(Midnight) evaluates to ', end=\"\")\n",
-      "if not datetime.time(0,0,0):\n",
-      "    print(False)\n",
-      "else:\n",
-      "    print(True)\n",
-      "    \n",
-      "print(datetime.time(1,0,0), '(1 am) evaluates to ', end=\"\")\n",
-      "if not datetime.time(1,0,0):\n",
-      "    print(False)\n",
-      "else:\n",
-      "    print(True)"
+      "print('\"datetime.time(0,0,0)\" (Midnight) evaluates to', bool(datetime.time(0,0,0)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('\"datetime.time(1,0,0)\" (1 am) evaluates to', bool(datetime.time(1,0,0)))"
      ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
@@ -54,12 +46,12 @@
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
        "text": [
-        "00:00:00 (Midnight) evaluates to False\n",
-        "01:00:00 (1 am) evaluates to True\n"
+        "\"datetime.time(0,0,0)\" (Midnight) evaluates to False\n",
+        "\"datetime.time(1,0,0)\" (1 am) evaluates to True\n"
        ]
       }
      ],
-     "prompt_number": 12
+     "prompt_number": 17
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -84,7 +76,7 @@
       "print('my_true_val == False:', my_true_val == False)\n",
       "print('my_true_val is False:', my_true_val is False)\n",
       "\n",
-      "\n",
+      "print(my_true_val\n",
       "if my_true_val:\n",
       "    print('\"if my_true_val:\" is True')\n",
       "else:\n",
@@ -394,26 +386,59 @@
       "## List comparison  \n",
       "List comparisons are a handy way to show the difference between `==` and `is`.  \n",
       "While `==` is rather evaluating the equality of the value, `is` is checking if two objects are equal.\n",
-      "The examples below show that we can assign a pointer to the same list object by using `=`, e.g., `list1 = list2`. If we want to make a copy of the list values, we have to make a little tweak: `list1 = list2[:]`"
+      "The examples below show that we can assign a pointer to the same list object by using `=`, e.g., `list1 = list2`.   \n",
+      "a) If we want to make a **shallow** copy of the list values, we have to make a little tweak: `list1 = list2[:]`, or  \n",
+      "b) a **deepcopy** via `list1 = copy.deepcopy(list2)`\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Possibly the best explanation of shallow vs. deep copies I've read so far:\n",
+      "\n",
+      "*** \"Shallow copies duplicate as little as possible. A shallow copy of a collection is a copy of the collection structure, not the elements. With a shallow copy, two collections now share the individual elements.\n",
+      "Deep copies duplicate everything. A deep copy of a collection is two collections with all of the elements in the original collection duplicated.\"***\n",
+      "\n",
+      "(via [S.Lott](http://stackoverflow.com/users/10661/s-lott) on [StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/184710/what-is-the-difference-between-a-deep-copy-and-a-shallow-copy))"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "###a) Shallow vs. deep copies for simple elements  \n",
+      "List modification of the original list doesn't affect  \n",
+      "shallow copies or deep copies if the list contains literals."
      ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
+      "from copy import deepcopy\n",
+      "\n",
       "my_first_list = [1]\n",
       "my_second_list = [1]\n",
       "print('my_first_list == my_second_list:', my_first_list == my_second_list)\n",
       "print('my_first_list is my_second_list:', my_first_list is my_second_list)\n",
       "\n",
-      "\n",
       "my_third_list = my_first_list\n",
       "print('my_first_list == my_third_list:', my_first_list == my_third_list)\n",
       "print('my_first_list is my_third_list:', my_first_list is my_third_list)\n",
       "\n",
-      "my_fourth_list = my_first_list[:]\n",
-      "print('my_first_list == my_fourth_list:', my_first_list == my_fourth_list)\n",
-      "print('my_first_list is my_fourth_list:', my_first_list is my_fourth_list)"
+      "my_shallow_copy = my_first_list[:]\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list == my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list is my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_deep_copy = deepcopy(my_first_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_deep_copy:', my_first_list == my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_deep_copy:', my_first_list is my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('\\nmy_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_first_list[0] = 2\n",
+      "print('after setting \"my_first_list[0] = 2\"')\n",
+      "print('my_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)"
      ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
@@ -426,12 +451,141 @@
         "my_first_list is my_second_list: False\n",
         "my_first_list == my_third_list: True\n",
         "my_first_list is my_third_list: True\n",
-        "my_first_list == my_fourth_list: True\n",
-        "my_first_list is my_fourth_list: False\n"
+        "my_first_list == my_shallow_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_shallow_copy: False\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_deep_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_deep_copy: False\n",
+        "\n",
+        "my_third_list: [1]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [1]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [1]\n",
+        "after setting \"my_first_list[0] = 2\"\n",
+        "my_third_list: [2]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [1]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [1]\n"
        ]
       }
      ],
-     "prompt_number": 82
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "### b) Shallow vs. deep copies if list contains other structures and objects\n",
+      "List modification of the original list does affect  \n",
+      "shallow copies, but not deep copies if the list contains compound objects."
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "my_first_list = [[1],[2]]\n",
+      "my_second_list = [[1],[2]]\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_second_list:', my_first_list == my_second_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_second_list:', my_first_list is my_second_list)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_third_list = my_first_list\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_third_list:', my_first_list == my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_third_list:', my_first_list is my_third_list)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_shallow_copy = my_first_list[:]\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list == my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_shallow_copy:', my_first_list is my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_deep_copy = deepcopy(my_first_list)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list == my_deep_copy:', my_first_list == my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_first_list is my_deep_copy:', my_first_list is my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('\\nmy_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "my_first_list[0][0] = 2\n",
+      "print('after setting \"my_first_list[0][0] = 2\"')\n",
+      "print('my_third_list:', my_third_list)\n",
+      "print('my_shallow_copy:', my_shallow_copy)\n",
+      "print('my_deep_copy:', my_deep_copy)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "my_first_list == my_second_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_second_list: False\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_third_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_third_list: True\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_shallow_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_shallow_copy: False\n",
+        "my_first_list == my_deep_copy: True\n",
+        "my_first_list is my_deep_copy: False\n",
+        "\n",
+        "my_third_list: [[1], [2]]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [[1], [2]]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [[1], [2]]\n",
+        "after setting \"my_first_list[0][0] = 2\"\n",
+        "my_third_list: [[2], [2]]\n",
+        "my_shallow_copy: [[2], [2]]\n",
+        "my_deep_copy: [[1], [2]]\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Some Python oddity:"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "a = 1\n",
+      "b = 1\n",
+      "print('a is b', bool(a is b))\n",
+      "True\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = 999\n",
+      "b = 999\n",
+      "print('a is b', bool(a is b))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "a is b True\n",
+        "a is b False\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 15,
+       "text": [
+        "False"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
     }
    ],
    "metadata": {}