mirror of
https://github.com/rasbt/python_reference.git
synced 2024-11-30 15:31:12 +00:00
826 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
826 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"metadata": {
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"name": "",
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"signature": "sha256:9fd7d5201ce5b97fadad65f2c30cfec993fc83907e04418b032bd1bbdac05ff4"
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},
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"nbformat": 3,
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"nbformat_minor": 0,
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"worksheets": [
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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"[Sebastian Raschka](http://sebastianraschka.com) \n",
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"\n",
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"- [Link to this IPython notebook on Github](https://github.com/rasbt/python_reference/blob/master/tutorials/useful_regex.ipynb) "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"%load_ext watermark"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 1
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"%watermark -d -v -u -t -z"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"Last updated: 06/07/2014 10:07:02 EDT\n",
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"\n",
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"CPython 3.4.1\n",
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"IPython 2.1.0\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 2
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<font size=\"1.5em\">[More information](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/rasbt/python_reference/blob/master/ipython_magic/watermark.ipynb) about the `watermark` magic command extension.</font>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<hr>\n",
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"I would be happy to hear your comments and suggestions. \n",
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"Please feel free to drop me a note via\n",
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"[twitter](https://twitter.com/rasbt), [email](mailto:bluewoodtree@gmail.com), or [google+](https://plus.google.com/+SebastianRaschka).\n",
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"<hr>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 1,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"A collection of useful regular expressions"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<br>\n",
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"<br>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Sections"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- [About the `re` module](#About-the-re-module)\n",
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"- [Identify files via file extensions](#Identify-files-via-file-extensions)\n",
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"- [Username validation](#Username-validation)\n",
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"- [Checking for valid email addresses](#Checking-for-valid-email-addresses)\n",
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"- [Check for a valid URL](#Check-for-a-valid-URL)\n",
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"- [Checking for integers](#Checking-for-integers)\n",
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"- [Validating dates](#Validating-dates)\n",
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"- [Time](#Time)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<br>\n",
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"<br>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"About the `re` module"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"The purpose of this IPython notebook is not to rewrite a detailed tutorial about regular expressions or the in-built Python `re` module, but to collect some useful regular expressions for copy&paste purposes."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"The complete documentation of the Python `re` module can be found here [https://docs.python.org/3.4/howto/regex.html](https://docs.python.org/3.4/howto/regex.html). Below, I just want to list the most important methods for convenience:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- `re.match()` : Determine if the RE matches at the beginning of the string.\n",
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"- `re.search()` : Scan through a string, looking for any location where this RE matches.\n",
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"- `re.findall()` : Find all substrings where the RE matches, and returns them as a list.\n",
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"- `re.finditer()` : Find all substrings where the RE matches, and returns them as an iterator."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"If you are using the same regular expression multiple times, it is recommended to compile it for improved performance.\n",
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"\n",
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" compiled_re = re.compile(r'some_regexpr') \n",
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" for word in text:\n",
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" match = comp.search(compiled_re))\n",
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" # do something with the match\n",
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" \n",
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"**E.g., if we want to check if a string ends with a substring:**"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"import re\n",
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"\n",
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"needle = 'needlers'\n",
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"\n",
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"# Python approach\n",
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"print(bool(any([needle.endswith(e) for e in ('ly', 'ed', 'ing', 'ers')])))\n",
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"\n",
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"# On-the-fly Regular expression in Python\n",
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"print(bool(re.search(r'(?:ly|ed|ing|ers)$', needle)))\n",
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"\n",
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"# Compiled Regular expression in Python\n",
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"comp = re.compile(r'(?:ly|ed|ing|ers)$') \n",
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"print(bool(comp.search(needle)))"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 3
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"%timeit -n 10000 -r 50 bool(any([needle.endswith(e) for e in ('ly', 'ed', 'ing', 'ers')]))\n",
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"%timeit -n 10000 -r 50 bool(re.search(r'(?:ly|ed|ing|ers)$', needle))\n",
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"%timeit -n 10000 -r 50 bool(comp.search(needle))"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"10000 loops, best of 50: 2.74 \u00b5s per loop\n",
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"10000 loops, best of 50: 2.93 \u00b5s per loop"
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]
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},
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"\n",
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"10000 loops, best of 50: 1.28 \u00b5s per loop"
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]
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},
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{
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"output_type": "stream",
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"stream": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"prompt_number": 4
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<br>\n",
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"<br>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Identify files via file extensions"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"A regular expression to check for file extensions."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"pattern = r'(?i)(\\w+)\\.(jpeg|jpg|png|gif|tif|svg)$'\n",
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"\n",
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"# remove `(?i)` to make regexpr case-sensitive\n",
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"\n",
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"str_true = ('test.gif', \n",
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" 'image.jpeg', \n",
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" 'image.jpg',\n",
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" 'image.TIF'\n",
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" )\n",
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"\n",
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"str_false = ('test.pdf',\n",
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" 'test.gif.pdf',\n",
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" )\n",
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"\n",
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"for t in str_true:\n",
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
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"for f in str_false:\n",
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 5
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<br>\n",
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"<br>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Username validation"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Checking for a valid user name that has a certain minimum and maximum length.\n",
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"\n",
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"Allowed characters:\n",
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"- letters (upper- and lower-case)\n",
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"- numbers\n",
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"- dashes\n",
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"- underscores"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"min_len = 5 # minimum length for a valid username\n",
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"max_len = 15 # maximum length for a valid username\n",
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"\n",
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"pattern = r\"^(?i)[a-z0-9_-]{%s,%s}$\" %(min_len, max_len)\n",
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"\n",
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"# remove `(?i)` to only allow lower-case letters\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"str_true = ('user123', '123_user', 'Username')\n",
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" \n",
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"str_false = ('user', 'username1234_is-way-too-long', 'user$34354')\n",
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"\n",
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"for t in str_true:\n",
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
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"for f in str_false:\n",
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 6
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"<br>\n",
|
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"<br>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Checking for valid email addresses"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"A regular expression that captures most email addresses."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"collapsed": false,
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"input": [
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"pattern = r\"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)\"\n",
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"\n",
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"str_true = ('test@mail.com',)\n",
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" \n",
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"str_false = ('testmail.com', '@testmail.com', 'test@mailcom')\n",
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"\n",
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"for t in str_true:\n",
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
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"for f in str_false:\n",
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
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],
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"language": "python",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"prompt_number": 7
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<font size=\"1px\">source: [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/201323/using-a-regular-expression-to-validate-an-email-address](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/201323/using-a-regular-expression-to-validate-an-email-address)</font>"
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]
|
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},
|
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"<br>\n",
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"<br>"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "heading",
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"level": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Check for a valid URL"
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]
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},
|
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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|
"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
|
|
]
|
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},
|
|
{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Checks for an URL if a string ...\n",
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"\n",
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"- starts with `https://`, or `http://`, or `www.`\n",
|
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"- or ends with a dot extension"
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]
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},
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|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
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"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^(https?:\\/\\/)?([\\da-z\\.-]+)\\.([a-z\\.]{2,6})([\\/\\w \\.-]*)*\\/?$'\n",
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"\n",
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"str_true = ('https://github.com', \n",
|
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" 'http://github.com',\n",
|
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" 'www.github.com',\n",
|
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" 'github.com',\n",
|
|
" 'test.de',\n",
|
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" 'https://github.com/rasbt',\n",
|
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" 'test.jpeg' # !!! \n",
|
|
" )\n",
|
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" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('testmailcom', 'http:testmailcom', )\n",
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"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
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"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 8
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"<font size=\"1px\">source: [http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/8-regular-expressions-you-should-know--net-6149](http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/8-regular-expressions-you-should-know--net-6149)</font>"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"<br>\n",
|
|
"<br>"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 2,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Checking for integers"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
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"Positive integers"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^\\d+$'\n",
|
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"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('123', '1', )\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
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"str_false = ('abc', '1.1', )\n",
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"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
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" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
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"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 9
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Negative integers"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^-\\d+$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('-123', '-1', )\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('123', '-abc', '-1.1', )\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 10
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"All integers"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^-{0,1}\\d+$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('-123', '-1', '1', '123',)\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('123.0', '-abc', '-1.1', )\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 11
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Positive numbers"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^\\d*\\.{0,1}\\d+$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('1', '123', '1.234', )\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('-abc', '-123', '-123.0')\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 12
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Negative numbers"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^-\\d*\\.{0,1}\\d+$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('-1', '-123', '-123.0', )\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('-abc', '1', '123', '1.234', )\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 13
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"All numbers"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^-{0,1}\\d*\\.{0,1}\\d+$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('1', '123', '1.234', '-123', '-123.0')\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('-abc')\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 14
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"<font size=\"1px\">source: [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1449817/what-are-some-of-the-most-useful-regular-expressions-for-programmers](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1449817/what-are-some-of-the-most-useful-regular-expressions-for-programmers)</font>"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"<br>\n",
|
|
"<br>"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 2,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Validating dates"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Validates dates in `mm/dd/yyyy` format."
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = '^(0[1-9]|1[0-2])\\/(0[1-9]|1\\d|2\\d|3[01])\\/(19|20)\\d{2}$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('01/08/2014', '12/30/2014', )\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('22/08/2014', '-123', '1/8/2014', '1/08/2014', '01/8/2014')\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 15
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"<br>\n",
|
|
"<br>"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 2,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"Time"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"[[back to top](#Sections)]"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"12-Hour format"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = r'^(1[012]|[1-9]):[0-5][0-9](\\s)?(?i)(am|pm)$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('2:00pm', '7:30 AM', '12:05 am', )\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('22:00pm', '14:00', '3:12', '03:12pm', )\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 29
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "heading",
|
|
"level": 3,
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"24-Hour format"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"collapsed": false,
|
|
"input": [
|
|
"pattern = r'^([0-1]{1}[0-9]{1}|20|21|22|23):[0-5]{1}[0-9]{1}$'\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"str_true = ('14:00', '00:30', )\n",
|
|
" \n",
|
|
"str_false = ('22:00pm', '4:00', )\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for t in str_true:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, t)) == True), '%s is not True' %t\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"for f in str_false:\n",
|
|
" assert(bool(re.match(pattern, f)) == False), '%s is not False' %f"
|
|
],
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"prompt_number": 33
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"metadata": {}
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
} |