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81 lines
2.5 KiB
Python
81 lines
2.5 KiB
Python
# File system operations using Python
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# sr 11/30/2013
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import os
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import shutil
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import glob
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# working directory
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c_dir = os.getcwd() # show current working directory
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os.listdir(c_dir) # shows all files in the working directory
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os.chdir('~/Data') # change working directory
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# get all files in a directory
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glob.glob('/Users/sebastian/Desktop/*')
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# e.g., ['/Users/sebastian/Desktop/untitled folder', '/Users/sebastian/Desktop/Untitled.txt']
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# walk
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tree = os.walk(c_dir)
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# moves through sub directories and creates a 'generator' object of tuples
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# ('dir', [file1, file2, ...] [subdirectory1, subdirectory2, ...]),
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# (...), ...
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#check files: returns either True or False
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os.exists('../rel_path')
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os.exists('/home/abs_path')
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os.isfile('./file.txt')
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os.isdir('./subdir')
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# file permission (True or False
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os.access('./some_file', os.F_OK) # File exists? Python 2.7
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os.access('./some_file', os.R_OK) # Ok to read? Python 2.7
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os.access('./some_file', os.W_OK) # Ok to write? Python 2.7
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os.access('./some_file', os.X_OK) # Ok to execute? Python 2.7
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os.access('./some_file', os.X_OK | os.W_OK) # Ok to execute or write? Python 2.7
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# join (creates operating system dependent paths)
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os.path.join('a', 'b', 'c')
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# 'a/b/c' on Unix/Linux
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# 'a\\b\\c' on Windows
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os.path.normpath('a/b/c') # converts file separators
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# os.path: direcory and file names
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os.path.samefile('./some_file', '/home/some_file') # True if those are the same
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os.path.dirname('./some_file') # returns '.' (everythin but last component)
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os.path.basename('./some_file') # returns 'some_file' (only last component
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os.path.split('./some_file') # returns (dirname, basename) or ('.', 'some_file)
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os.path.splitext('./some_file.txt') # returns ('./some_file', '.txt')
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os.path.splitdrive('./some_file.txt') # returns ('', './some_file.txt')
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os.path.isabs('./some_file.txt') # returns False (not an absolute path)
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os.path.abspath('./some_file.txt')
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# create and delete files and directories
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os.mkdir('./test') # create a new direcotory
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os.rmdir('./test') # removes an empty direcotory
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os.removedirs('./test') # removes nested empty directories
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os.remove('file.txt') # removes an individual file
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shutil.rmtree('./test') # removes directory (empty or not empty)
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os.rename('./dir_before', './renamed') # renames directory if destination doesn't exist
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shutil.move('./dir_before', './renamed') # renames directory always
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shutil.copytree('./orig', './copy') # copies a directory recursively
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shutil.copyfile('file', 'copy') # copies a file
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