twoot/twoot.py

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
    Copyright (C) 2019-2023  Jean-Christophe Francois

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
"""

import argparse
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import logging
import os
import shutil
import random
import re
import sqlite3
import sys
import time
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qsl, urlencode, urlunparse, urljoin, unquote

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, element
from mastodon import Mastodon, MastodonError, MastodonAPIError, MastodonIllegalArgumentError
import pytz

# Number of records to keep in db table for each twitter account
MAX_REC_COUNT = 50

# How many seconds to wait before giving up on a download (except video download)
HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT = 10

# Update from https://www.whatismybrowser.com/guides/the-latest-user-agent/
USER_AGENTS = [
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/114.0',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 13_4) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.5 Safari/605.1.15',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/114.0.1823.51',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 OPR/99.0.0.0',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Vivaldi/6.1.3035.84',
]


def build_config(args):
    """
    Receives the arguments passed on the command line
    populates the TOML global dict with default values for all 'options' keys
    if a config file is provided, load the keys from the config file
    if no config file is provided, use command-line args
    verify that a valid config is available (all keys in 'config' present)
    :param args: list of command line arguments
    """
    # Create global struct containing configuration
    global TOML

    # Default options
    options = {
        'nitter_instances': [
            'nitter.lacontrevoie.fr',
            'nitter.weiler.rocks',  # added 15/06/2023
            'nitter.nl',  # added 16/06/2023
        ],
        'upload_videos': False,
        'post_reply_to': False,
        'skip_retweets': False,
        'remove_link_redirections': False,
        'remove_trackers_from_urls': False,
        'footer': "",
        'tweet_time_format': "",
        'tweet_timezone': "",
        'remove_original_tweet_ref': False,
        'tweet_max_age': float(1),
        'tweet_delay': float(0),
        'upload_pause': float(0),
        'toot_cap': int(0),
        'subst_twitter': [],
        'subst_youtube': [],
        'subst_reddit': [],
        'update_profile': False,
        'log_level': "WARNING",
        'log_days': 3,
    }

    # Create default config object
    TOML = {'config': {}, 'options': options}

    # Load config file if it was provided
    toml_file = args['f']
    if toml_file is not None:
        try:  # Included in python from version 3.11
            import tomllib
        except ModuleNotFoundError:
            # for python < 3.11, tomli module must be installed
            import tomli as tomllib

        loaded_toml = None
        # Load toml file
        try:
            with open(toml_file, 'rb') as config_file:
                loaded_toml = tomllib.load(config_file)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            print('config file not found')
            shutdown(-1)
        except tomllib.TOMLDecodeError:
            print('Malformed config file')
            shutdown(-1)

        TOML['config'] = loaded_toml['config']
        for k in TOML['options'].keys():
            try:  # Go through all valid keys
                TOML['options'][k] = loaded_toml['options'][k]
            except KeyError:  # Key was not found in file
                pass
    else:
        # Override config parameters with command-line values provided
        if args['t'] is not None:
            TOML['config']['twitter_account'] = args['t']
        if args['i'] is not None:
            TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] = args['i']
        if args['m'] is not None:
            TOML['config']['mastodon_user'] = args['m']
        if args['v'] is True:
            TOML['options']['upload_videos'] = args['v']
        if args['r'] is True:
            TOML['options']['post_reply_to'] = args['r']
        if args['s'] is True:
            TOML['options']['skip_retweets'] = args['s']
        if args['l'] is True:
            TOML['options']['remove_link_redirections'] = args['l']
        if args['u'] is True:
            TOML['options']['remove_trackers_from_urls'] = args['u']
        if args['o'] is True:
            TOML['options']['remove_original_tweet_ref'] = args['o']
        if args['a'] is not None:
            TOML['options']['tweet_max_age'] = float(args['a'])
        if args['d'] is not None:
            TOML['options']['tweet_delay'] = float(args['d'])
        if args['c'] is not None:
            TOML['options']['toot_cap'] = int(args['c'])
        if args['q'] is True:
            TOML['options']['update_profile'] = args['q']

    # Verify that we have a minimum config to run
    if 'twitter_account' not in TOML['config'].keys() or TOML['config']['twitter_account'] == "":
        print('CRITICAL: Missing Twitter account')
        exit(-1)
    if 'mastodon_instance' not in TOML['config'].keys() or TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] == "":
        print('CRITICAL: Missing Mastodon instance')
        exit(-1)
    if 'mastodon_user' not in TOML['config'].keys() or TOML['config']['mastodon_user'] == "":
        print('CRITICAL: Missing Mastodon user')
        exit(-1)


"""
Dowload page with full thread of tweets and extract all replied to tweet reference by url.
Only used by `get_timeline()`.
:param session: Existing HTTP session with Nitter instance
:param headers: HTTP headers to use
:param nitter url: url of the nitter instance to use
:param thread_url: url of the first tweet in thread
:return: list of tuples with url of tweet replied-to (or None) and content of tweet
"""
def _get_rest_of_thread(session, headers, nitter_url, thread_url, first_item):
    # Add first item to timeline
    timeline = [(thread_url, first_item)]

    logging.debug("Downloading tweets in thread from separate page")
    # Download page with thread
    url = nitter_url + thread_url
    try:
        thread_page = session.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT)
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
        logging.fatal('Host did not respond when trying to download ' + url)
        shutdown(-1)
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
        logging.fatal(url + ' took too long to respond')
        shutdown(-1)

    # Verify that download worked
    if thread_page.status_code != 200:
        logging.fatal('The Nitter page did not download correctly from ' + url + ' (' + str(thread_page.status_code) + '). Aborting')
        shutdown(-1)

    logging.debug('Nitter page downloaded successfully from ' + url)

    # DEBUG: Save page to file
    # of = open('thread_page_debug.html', 'w')
    # of.write(twit_account_page.text)
    # of.close()

    # Make soup
    soup = BeautifulSoup(thread_page.text, 'html.parser')

    # Get all items in thread after main tweet
    after_tweet = soup.find('div', 'after-tweet')
    list = after_tweet.find_all('div', class_='timeline-item')

    # Build timeline of tuples
    previous_tweet_url = thread_url
    for item in list:
            timeline.append((previous_tweet_url, item))
            # Get the url of the tweet
            previous_tweet_tag = item.find('a', class_='tweet-link')
            if previous_tweet_url is None:
                previous_tweet_url = previous_tweet_tag.get('href').strip('#m')
                logging.error('Thread tweet is missing link tag')

    # return timeline in reverse chronological order
    return timeline.reverse()


"""
Download timeline of twitter account
:param url: url of the account page to download
:return: list of tuples with url of tweet replied-to (or None) and content of tweet
"""
def get_timeline(nitter_url):
    # Define url to use
    url = nitter_url + '/' + TOML['config']['twitter_account']

    # Use different page if we need to handle replies
    if TOML['options']['post_reply_to']:
        url += '/with_replies'

    # Initiate session
    session = requests.Session()

    # Get a copy of the default headers that requests would use
    headers = requests.utils.default_headers()

    # Update default headers with randomly selected user agent
    headers.update(
        {
            'User-Agent': USER_AGENTS[random.randint(0, len(USER_AGENTS) - 1)],
            'Cookie': 'replaceTwitter=; replaceYouTube=; hlsPlayback=on; proxyVideos=',
        }
    )

    # Download twitter page of user
    try:
        twit_account_page = session.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT)
    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
        logging.fatal('Host did not respond when trying to download ' + url)
        shutdown(-1)
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
        logging.fatal(url + ' took too long to respond')
        shutdown(-1)

    # Verify that download worked
    if twit_account_page.status_code != 200:
        logging.fatal('The Nitter page did not download correctly from ' + url + ' (' + str(
            twit_account_page.status_code) + '). Aborting')
        shutdown(-1)

    logging.debug('Nitter page downloaded successfully from ' + url)

    # DEBUG: Save page to file
    # of = open('user_page_debug.html', 'w')
    # of.write(twit_account_page.text)
    # of.close()

    # Make soup
    soup = BeautifulSoup(twit_account_page.text, 'html.parser')

    # Get the div containing tweets
    tl = soup.find('div', class_='timeline')

    # Get the list of direct children of timeline
    list = tl.find_all('div', recursive=False)

    timeline = []
    for item in list:
        classes = item['class']
        if 'timeline-item' in classes:  # Individual tweet
            timeline.append((None, item))
        elif 'thread-line' in classes:  # First tweet of a thread
            # Get the first item of thread
            first_item = item.find('div', class_='timeline-item')

            # Get the url of the tweet
            thread_link_tag = item.find('a', class_='tweet-link')
            if thread_link_tag is not None:
                thread_url = thread_link_tag.get('href').strip('#m')

            # Get the rest of the items of the thread
            timeline.extend(_get_rest_of_thread(session, headers, nitter_url, thread_url, first_item))
        else:
            # Ignore other classes
            continue
    return soup, timeline


def update_profile(nitter_url, soup, sql, mast_password):
    """
    Update profile on Mastodon
    Check if avatar or banner pictures have changed since last run
    If they have, download them and upload them on the Mastodon account profile
    :param nitter_url: url of the Nitter instance that is being used
    :param soup: BeautifulSoup object containing the page
    :param sql: database connection
    :param mast_password: <PASSWORD>
    :return: mastodon object if we had to login to update, None otherwise
    """
    # Check if TOML option to update profile is set
    if TOML['options']['update_profile'] is False:
        return None
    else:
        logging.debug("Checking twitter profile for changes")

    db = sql.cursor()

    # Extract avatar picture address
    try:
        new_avatar_url = soup.find('div', class_='profile-card-info').findChild('a').findChild('img').get('src')
    except AttributeError:
        new_avatar_url = None

    # Extract banner picture address
    try:
        new_banner_url = soup.find('div', class_='profile-banner').findChild('a').findChild('img').get('src')
    except AttributeError:
        new_banner_url = None

    # Get the original urls of the avatar and banner pictures on the account profile
    db.execute("SELECT avatar_url, banner_url FROM profiles WHERE mastodon_instance=? AND mastodon_account=?", (TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'], TOML['config']['mastodon_user'],))
    profile_in_db = db.fetchone()

    changed = False
    if profile_in_db is not None:
        cur_avatar_url = profile_in_db[0]
        cur_banner_url = profile_in_db[1]

        # Check if urls have changed
        if new_avatar_url != cur_avatar_url:
            changed = True
            logging.info('avatar image changed on twitter profile')
        if new_banner_url != cur_banner_url:
            changed = True
            logging.info('banner image changed on twitter profile')
    else:
        # Mastodon user not found in database. Add new record
        db.execute("INSERT INTO profiles (mastodon_instance, mastodon_account, avatar_url, banner_url) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", (TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'], TOML['config']['mastodon_user'], None, None))
        sql.commit()
        changed = True
        logging.debug("added new profile to database")

    mastodon = None

    # Update if necessary
    if changed:
        logging.info('updating profile on Mastodon')

        new_avatar_img = None
        new_avatar_mime = None
        new_banner_img = None
        new_banner_mime = None

        # Download images
        new_avatar = requests.get(nitter_url + new_avatar_url, timeout=HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT) if new_avatar_url is not None else None
        if new_avatar is not None:
            new_avatar_img = new_avatar.content if new_avatar.status_code == 200 else None
            new_avatar_mime = new_avatar.headers['content-type'] if new_avatar.status_code == 200 else None
            if new_avatar.status_code != 200:
                logging.error("Could not download avatar image from " + nitter_url + new_avatar_url)
            else:
                logging.debug("Avatar image downloaded")

        new_banner = requests.get(nitter_url + new_banner_url, timeout=HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT) if new_banner_url is not None else None
        if new_banner is not None:
            new_banner_img = new_banner.content if new_banner.status_code == 200 else None
            new_banner_mime = new_banner.headers['content-type'] if new_banner.status_code == 200 else None
            if new_banner.status_code != 200:
                logging.error("Could not download banner image from " + nitter_url + new_banner_url)
            else:
                logging.debug("Banner image downloaded")

        mastodon = login(mast_password)

        # Update profile on Mastodon
        try:
            mastodon.account_update_credentials(avatar=new_avatar_img, avatar_mime_type=new_avatar_mime, header=new_banner_img, header_mime_type=new_banner_mime)
        except Exception as e:
            logging.error("Could not update profile")
            logging.error(e)
        else:
            logging.info("Profile updated on Mastodon")
            # Add urls to database
            db.execute("UPDATE profiles SET avatar_url=?, banner_url=? WHERE mastodon_instance=? AND mastodon_account=?", (new_avatar_url, new_banner_url, TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'], TOML['config']['mastodon_user']))
            sql.commit()
            logging.debug("Profile updated on database")
    else:
        logging.info("No changes to profile found")

    return mastodon

def deredir_url(url):
    """
    Given a URL, return the URL that the page really downloads from
    :param url: url to be de-redirected
    :return: direct url
    """
    # Check if we need to do anyting
    if TOML['options']['remove_link_redirections'] is False:
        return url

    # Get a copy of the default headers that requests would use
    headers = requests.utils.default_headers()

    # Update default headers with randomly selected user agent
    headers.update(
        {
            'User-Agent': USER_AGENTS[random.randint(0, len(USER_AGENTS) - 1)],
        }
    )

    ret = None
    try:
        # Download the page
        ret = requests.head(url, headers=headers, allow_redirects=True, timeout=5)
    except:
        # If anything goes wrong keep the URL intact
        return url

    if ret.url != url:
        logging.debug("Removed redirection from: " + url + " to: " + ret.url)

    # Return the URL that the page was downloaded from
    return ret.url


def _remove_trackers_query(query_str):
    """
    private function
    Given a query string from a URL, strip out the known trackers
    :param query_str: query to be cleaned
    :return: query cleaned
    """
    # Avalaible URL tracking parameters :
    # UTM tags by Google Ads, M$ Ads, ...
    # tag by TikTok
    # tags by Snapchat
    # tags by Facebook
    params_to_remove = {
        "gclid", "_ga", "gclsrc", "dclid",
        "utm_source", "utm_medium", "utm_campaign", "utm_term", "utm_content", "utm_cid",
        "utm_reader", "utm_name", "utm_referrer", "utm_social", "utm_social-type", "utm_brand"
        "mkt_tok",
        "campaign_name", "ad_set_name", "campaign_id", "ad_set_id",
        "fbclid", "campaign_name", "ad_set_name", "ad_set_id", "media", "interest_group_name", "ad_set_id"
        "igshid",
        "cvid", "oicd", "msclkid",
        "soc_src", "soc_trk",
        "_openstat", "yclid",
        "xtor", "xtref", "adid",
    }
    query_to_clean = dict(parse_qsl(query_str, keep_blank_values=True))
    query_cleaned = [(k, v) for k, v in query_to_clean.items() if k not in params_to_remove]
    return urlencode(query_cleaned, doseq=True)


def _remove_trackers_fragment(fragment_str):
    """
    private function
    Given a fragment string from a URL, strip out the known trackers
    :param query_str: fragment to be cleaned
    :return: cleaned fragment
    """
    params_to_remove = {
        "Echobox",
    }

    if '=' in fragment_str:
        fragment_str = fragment_str.split('&')
        query_cleaned = [i for i in fragment_str if i.split('=')[0] not in params_to_remove]
        fragment_str = '&'.join(query_cleaned)
    return fragment_str


def substitute_source(orig_url):
    """
    param orig_url: url to check for substitutes
    :return: url with replaced domains
    """
    parsed_url = urlparse(orig_url)
    domain = parsed_url.netloc

    logging.debug("Checking domain %s for substitution ", domain)

    # Handle twitter
    twitter_subst = TOML["options"]["subst_twitter"]
    # Do not substitiute if subdomain is present (e.g. i.twitter.com)
    if (domain == 'twitter.com' or domain == 'www.twitter.com') and twitter_subst != []:
        domain = twitter_subst[random.randint(0, len(twitter_subst) - 1)]
        logging.debug("Replaced twitter.com by " + domain)

    # Handle youtube
    youtube_subst = TOML["options"]["subst_youtube"]
    # Do not substitiute if subdomain is present (e.g. i.youtube.com)
    if (domain == 'youtube.com' or domain == 'wwww.youtube.com') and youtube_subst != []:
        domain = youtube_subst[random.randint(0, len(youtube_subst) - 1)]
        logging.debug("Replaced youtube.com by " + domain)

    # Handle reddit
    reddit_subst = TOML["options"]["subst_reddit"]
    # Do not substitiute if subdomain is present (e.g. i.reddit.com)
    if (domain == 'reddit.com' or domain == 'www.reddit.com') and reddit_subst != []:
        domain = reddit_subst[random.randint(0, len(reddit_subst) - 1)]
        logging.debug("Replaced reddit.com by " + domain)

    dest_url = urlunparse([
        parsed_url.scheme,
        domain,
        parsed_url.path,
        parsed_url.params,
        parsed_url.query,
        parsed_url.fragment
    ])

    return dest_url


def clean_url(orig_url):
    """
    Given a URL, return it with the UTM parameters removed from query and fragment
    :param dirty_url: url to be cleaned
    :return: url cleaned
    >>> clean_url('https://example.com/video/this-aerial-ropeway?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=organic&utm_content=Nov13&a=aaa&b=1#mkt_tok=tik&mkt_tik=tok')
    'https://example.com/video/this-aerial-ropeway?a=aaa&b=1#mkt_tik=tok'
    """
    # Check if we have to do anything
    if TOML['options']['remove_trackers_from_urls'] is False:
        return orig_url

    # Parse a URL into 6 components:
    # <scheme>://<netloc>/<path>;<params>?<query>#<fragment>
    url_parsed = urlparse(orig_url)

    # Reassemble URL after removal of trackers
    dest_url = urlunparse([
        url_parsed.scheme,
        url_parsed.netloc,
        url_parsed.path,
        url_parsed.params,
        _remove_trackers_query(url_parsed.query),
        _remove_trackers_fragment(url_parsed.fragment)
    ])
    if dest_url != orig_url:
        logging.debug('Cleaned URL from: ' + orig_url + ' to: ' + dest_url)

    return dest_url


def process_media_body(tt_iter):
    """
    Receives an iterator over all the elements contained in the tweet-text container.
    Processes them to make them suitable for posting on Mastodon
    :param tt_iter: iterator over the HTML elements in the text of the tweet
    :return:        cleaned up text of the tweet
    """

    tweet_text = ''
    # Iterate elements
    for tag in tt_iter:
        # If element is plain text, copy it verbatim
        if isinstance(tag, element.NavigableString):
            tweet_text += tag.string

        # If it is an 'a' html tag
        elif tag.name == 'a':
            tag_text = tag.get_text()
            if tag_text.startswith('@'):
                # Only keep user name
                tweet_text += tag_text
            elif tag_text.startswith('#'):
                # Only keep hashtag text
                tweet_text += tag_text
            else:
                # This is a real link
                url = deredir_url(tag.get('href'))
                url = substitute_source(url)
                url = clean_url(url)

                tweet_text += url
        else:
            logging.warning("No handler for tag in twitter text: " + tag.prettify())

    return tweet_text


def process_card(nitter_url, card_container):
    """
    Extract image from card in case mastodon does not do it
    :param card_container: soup of 'a' tag containing card markup
    :return: list with url of image
    """
    list = []

    img = card_container.div.div.img
    if img is not None:
        image_url = nitter_url + img.get('src')
        list.append(image_url)
        logging.debug('Extracted image from card')

    return list


def process_attachments(nitter_url, attachments_container, status_id, author_account):
    """
    Extract images or video from attachments. Videos are downloaded on the file system.
    :param nitter_url: url of nitter mirror
    :param attachments_container: soup of 'div' tag containing attachments markup
    :param twit_account: name of twitter account
    :param status_id: id of tweet being processed
    :param author_account: author of tweet with video attachment
    :return: list with url of images
    """
    # Collect url of images
    pics = []
    images = attachments_container.find_all('a', class_='still-image')
    for image in images:
        pics.append(nitter_url + image.get('href'))

    logging.debug('collected ' + str(len(pics)) + ' image(s) from attachments')

    # Download nitter video (converted animated GIF)
    gif_class = attachments_container.find('video', class_='gif')
    if gif_class is not None:
        gif_video_file = nitter_url + gif_class.source.get('src')

        video_path = os.path.join('output', TOML['config']['twitter_account'], status_id, author_account, status_id)
        os.makedirs(video_path, exist_ok=True)

        # Open directory for writing file
        orig_dir = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(video_path)
        with requests.get(gif_video_file, stream=True, timeout=HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT) as r:
            try:
                # Raise exception if response code is not 200
                r.raise_for_status()
                # Download chunks and write them to file
                with open('gif_video.mp4', 'wb') as f:
                    for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=16 * 1024):
                        f.write(chunk)

                logging.debug('Downloaded video of GIF animation from attachments')
            except:  # Don't do anything if video can't be found or downloaded
                logging.debug('Could not download video of GIF animation from attachments')
                pass

        # Close directory
        os.chdir(orig_dir)

    # Download twitter video
    vid_in_tweet = False
    vid_class = attachments_container.find('div', class_='video-container')
    if vid_class is not None:
        if TOML['options']['upload_videos']:
            logging.debug("downloading video from twitter")
            import youtube_dl

            video_path = f"{author_account}/status/{status_id}"
            video_file = urljoin('https://twitter.com', video_path)
            ydl_opts = {
                'outtmpl': "output/" + TOML['config']['twitter_account'] + "/" + status_id + "/%(id)s.%(ext)s",
                'format': "best[width<=500]",
                'socket_timeout': 60,
                'quiet': True,
            }

            with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
                try:
                    ydl.download([video_file])
                except Exception as e:
                    logging.warning('Error downloading twitter video: ' + str(e))
                    vid_in_tweet = True
                else:
                    logging.debug('downloaded twitter video from attachments')

    return pics, vid_in_tweet


def contains_class(body_classes, some_class):
    """
    :param body_classes: list of classes to search
    :param some_class: class that we are interested in
    :return: True if found, false otherwise
    """
    found = False
    for body_class in body_classes:
        if body_class == some_class:
            found = True

    return found


def is_time_valid(timestamp):
    ret = True
    # Check that the tweet is not too young (might be deleted) or too old
    age_in_hours = (time.time() - float(timestamp)) / 3600.0
    min_delay_in_hours = TOML['options']['tweet_delay'] / 60.0
    max_age_in_hours = TOML['options']['tweet_max_age'] * 24.0

    if age_in_hours < min_delay_in_hours or age_in_hours > max_age_in_hours:
        ret = False

    return ret


def login(password):
    """
    Login to Mastodon account and return mastodon object used to post content
    :param password: Password associated to account. None if not provided
    :return: mastodon object
    """
# Create Mastodon application if it does not exist yet
    if not os.path.isfile(TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] + '.secret'):
        try:
            Mastodon.create_app(
                'feedtoot',
                api_base_url='https://' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'],
                to_file=TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] + '.secret'
            )

        except MastodonError as me:
            logging.fatal('failed to create app on ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'])
            logging.fatal(me)
            shutdown(-1)

    mastodon = None

    # Log in to Mastodon instance with password
    if password is not None:
        try:
            mastodon = Mastodon(
                client_id=TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] + '.secret',
                api_base_url='https://' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance']
            )

            mastodon.log_in(
                username=TOML['config']['mastodon_user'],
                password=password,
                to_file=TOML['config']['mastodon_user'] + ".secret"
            )
            logging.info('Logging in to ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'])

        except MastodonError as me:
            logging.fatal('Login to ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] + ' Failed\n')
            logging.fatal(me)
            shutdown(-1)

        if os.path.isfile(TOML['config']['mastodon_user'] + '.secret'):
            logging.warning('''You successfully logged in using a password and an access token
                             has been saved. The password can therefore be omitted from the
                             command-line in future invocations''')
    else:  # No password provided, login with token
        # Using token in existing .secret file
        if os.path.isfile(TOML['config']['mastodon_user'] + '.secret'):
            try:
                mastodon = Mastodon(
                    access_token=TOML['config']['mastodon_user'] + '.secret',
                    api_base_url='https://' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'])
            except MastodonError as me:
                logging.fatal('Login to ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] + ' Failed\n')
                logging.fatal(me)
                shutdown(-1)
        else:
            logging.fatal('No .secret file found. Password required to log in')
            shutdown(-1)

    return mastodon


def shutdown(exit_code):
    """
    Cleanly stop execution with a message on execution duration
    Remove log messages older that duration specified in config from log file
    :param exit_code: return value to pass to shell when exiting
    """
    logging.info('Run time : {t:2.1f} seconds.'.format(t=time.time() - START_TIME))
    logging.info('_____________________________________________________________________________________')

    # Close logger and log file
    logging.shutdown()

    # Remove older log messages
    # Max allowed age of log message
    max_delta = timedelta(TOML['options']['log_days'])

    # Open log file
    log_file_name = TOML['config']['twitter_account'].lower() + '.log'
    new_log_file_name = TOML['config']['twitter_account'].lower() + '.log.new'
    try:
        log_file = open(log_file_name, 'r')
    except FileNotFoundError:
        # Nothing to do if there is no log file
        exit(exit_code)

    # Check each line
    pos = log_file.tell()
    while True:
        line = log_file.readline()
        # Check if we reached the end of the file
        if not line:
            exit(exit_code)

        try:
            # Extract date on log line
            date = datetime.strptime(line[:10], '%Y-%m-%d')
        except ValueError:
            # date was not found on this line, try next one
            continue

        # Time difference between log message and now
        log_delta = datetime.now() - date
        # Only keep the number of days of the difference
        log_delta = timedelta(days=log_delta.days)
        if log_delta < max_delta:
            logging.debug("Truncating log file")
            # Reset file pointer to position before reading last line
            log_file.seek(pos)
            remainder = log_file.read()
            output_file = open(new_log_file_name, 'w')
            output_file.write(remainder)
            output_file.close()
            # replace log file by new one
            shutil.move(new_log_file_name, log_file_name)

            break  # Exit while loop

        # Update read pointer position
        pos = log_file.tell()

    exit(exit_code)


def main(argv):
    # Start stopwatch
    global START_TIME
    START_TIME = time.time()

    # Build parser for command line arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='toot tweets.')
    parser.add_argument('-f', metavar='<.toml config file>', action='store')
    parser.add_argument('-t', metavar='<twitter account>', action='store')
    parser.add_argument('-i', metavar='<mastodon instance>', action='store')
    parser.add_argument('-m', metavar='<mastodon account>', action='store')
    parser.add_argument('-p', metavar='<mastodon password>', action='store')
    parser.add_argument('-r', action='store_true', help='Also post replies to other tweets')
    parser.add_argument('-s', action='store_true', help='Suppress retweets')
    parser.add_argument('-l', action='store_true', help='Remove link redirection')
    parser.add_argument('-u', action='store_true', help='Remove trackers from URLs')
    parser.add_argument('-v', action='store_true', help='Ingest twitter videos and upload to Mastodon instance')
    parser.add_argument('-o', action='store_true', help='Do not add reference to Original tweet')
    parser.add_argument('-q', action='store_true', help='update profile if changed')
    parser.add_argument('-a', metavar='<max age (in days)>', action='store', type=float)
    parser.add_argument('-d', metavar='<min delay (in mins)>', action='store', type=float)
    parser.add_argument('-c', metavar='<max # of toots to post>', action='store', type=int)

    # Parse command line
    args = vars(parser.parse_args())

    build_config(args)

    mast_password = args['p']

    # Setup logging to file
    logging.basicConfig(
        filename=TOML['config']['twitter_account'].lower() + '.log',
        format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',
        datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
    )

    # Set default level of logging
    log_level = logging.WARNING

    # log level as an uppercase string from config
    ll_str = TOML['options']['log_level'].upper()

    if ll_str == "DEBUG":
        log_level = logging.DEBUG
    elif ll_str == "INFO":
        log_level = logging.INFO
    elif ll_str == "WARNING":
        log_level = logging.WARNING
    elif ll_str == "ERROR":
        log_level = logging.ERROR
    elif ll_str == "CRITICAL":
        log_level == logging.CRITICAL
    elif ll_str == "OFF":
        # Disable all logging
        logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)
    else:
        logging.error('Invalid log_level %s in config file. Using WARNING.', str(TOML['options']['log_level']))

    # Set desired level of logging
    logger = logging.getLogger()
    logger.setLevel(log_level)

    logging.info('Running with the following configuration:')
    logging.info('  Config File               : ' + str(args['f']))
    logging.info('  twitter_account           : ' + TOML['config']['twitter_account'])
    logging.info('  mastodon_instance         : ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'])
    logging.info('  mastodon_user             : ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_user'])
    logging.info('  upload_videos             : ' + str(TOML['options']['upload_videos']))
    logging.info('  post_reply_to             : ' + str(TOML['options']['post_reply_to']))
    logging.info('  skip_retweets             : ' + str(TOML['options']['skip_retweets']))
    logging.info('  remove_link_redirections  : ' + str(TOML['options']['remove_link_redirections']))
    logging.info('  remove_trackers_from_urls : ' + str(TOML['options']['remove_trackers_from_urls']))
    logging.info('  footer                    : ' + TOML['options']['footer'])
    logging.info('  tweet_time_format         : ' + TOML['options']['tweet_time_format'])
    logging.info('  tweet_timezone            : ' + TOML['options']['tweet_timezone'])
    logging.info('  remove_original_tweet_ref : ' + str(TOML['options']['remove_original_tweet_ref']))
    logging.info('  update_profile            : ' + str(TOML['options']['update_profile']))
    logging.info('  tweet_max_age             : ' + str(TOML['options']['tweet_max_age']))
    logging.info('  tweet_delay               : ' + str(TOML['options']['tweet_delay']))
    logging.info('  upload_pause              : ' + str(TOML['options']['upload_pause']))
    logging.info('  toot_cap                  : ' + str(TOML['options']['toot_cap']))
    logging.info('  subst_twitter             : ' + str(TOML['options']['subst_twitter']))
    logging.info('  subst_youtube             : ' + str(TOML['options']['subst_youtube']))
    logging.info('  subst_reddit              : ' + str(TOML['options']['subst_reddit']))
    logging.info('  log_level                 : ' + TOML['options']['log_level'])
    logging.info('  log_days                  : ' + str(TOML['options']['log_days']))

    # Try to open database. If it does not exist, create it
    sql = sqlite3.connect('twoot.db')
    db = sql.cursor()
    db.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS toots (twitter_account TEXT, mastodon_instance TEXT,
               mastodon_account TEXT, tweet_id TEXT, toot_id TEXT)''')
    db.execute('''CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS main_index ON toots (twitter_account,
               mastodon_instance, mastodon_account, tweet_id)''')
    db.execute('''CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS tweet_id_index ON toots (tweet_id)''')
    db.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS profiles (mastodon_instance TEXT, mastodon_account TEXT, avatar_url TEXT, banner_url TEXT)''')
    db.execute('''CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS profile_index ON profiles (mastodon_instance, mastodon_account)''')

    # Select random nitter instance to fetch updates from
    nitter_url = 'https://' + TOML['options']['nitter_instances'][random.randint(0, len(TOML['options']['nitter_instances']) - 1)]


    # Load twitter page of user
    soup, timeline = get_timeline(nitter_url)

    logging.info('Processing ' + str(len(timeline)) + ' tweets found in timeline')

    # **********************************************************
    # Process each tweets and generate an array of dictionaries
    # with data ready to be posted on Mastodon
    # **********************************************************
    tweets = []
    out_date_cnt = 0
    in_db_cnt = 0
    for replied_to_tweet, status in timeline:
        # Extract tweet ID and status ID
        tweet_id = status.find('a', class_='tweet-link').get('href').strip('#m')
        status_id = tweet_id.split('/')[3]

        logging.debug('processing tweet %s', tweet_id)

        # Extract time stamp
        time_string = status.find('span', class_='tweet-date').a.get('title')
        try:
            timestamp = datetime.strptime(time_string, '%d/%m/%Y, %H:%M:%S')
        except:
            # Dec 21, 2021 · 12:00 PM UTC
            timestamp = datetime.strptime(time_string, '%b %d, %Y · %I:%M %p %Z')

        # Check if time is within acceptable range
        if not is_time_valid(timestamp.timestamp()):
            out_date_cnt += 1
            logging.debug("Tweet outside valid time range, skipping")
            continue

        # Check if retweets must be skipped
        if TOML['options']['skip_retweets']:
            # Check if this tweet is a retweet
            if len(status.select("div.tweet-body > div > div.retweet-header")) != 0:
                logging.debug("Retweet ignored per command-line configuration")
                continue

        # Check in database if tweet has already been posted
        db.execute(
            "SELECT * FROM toots WHERE twitter_account=? AND mastodon_instance=? AND mastodon_account=? AND tweet_id=?",
            (TOML['config']['twitter_account'], TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'], TOML['config']['mastodon_user'], tweet_id))
        tweet_in_db = db.fetchone()

        if tweet_in_db is not None:
            in_db_cnt += 1
            logging.debug("Tweet %s already in database", tweet_id)
            # Skip to next tweet
            continue
        else:
            logging.debug('Tweet %s not found in database', tweet_id)

        # extract author
        author = status.find('a', class_='fullname').get('title')

        # Extract user name
        author_account = status.find('a', class_='username').get('title').lstrip('@')

        # Extract URL of full status page (for video download)
        full_status_url = 'https://twitter.com' + tweet_id

        # Initialize containers
        tweet_text = ''
        photos = []

        # Add prefix if the tweet is a reply-to
        # Only consider item of class 'replying-to' that is a direct child
        # of class 'tweet-body' in status. Others can be in a quoted tweet.
        replying_to_class = status.select("div.tweet-body > div.replying-to")
        if len(replying_to_class) != 0:
            tweet_text += 'Replying to ' + replying_to_class[0].a.get_text() + '\n\n'

        # Check it the tweet is a retweet from somebody else
        if len(status.select("div.tweet-body > div > div.retweet-header")) != 0:
            tweet_text = 'RT from ' + author + ' (@' + author_account + ')\n\n'

        # extract iterator over tweet text contents
        tt_iter = status.find('div', class_='tweet-content media-body').children

        # Process text of tweet
        tweet_text += process_media_body(tt_iter)

        # Process quote: append link to tweet_text
        quote_div = status.find('a', class_='quote-link')
        if quote_div is not None:
            tweet_text += substitute_source('\n\nhttps://twitter.com' + quote_div.get('href').strip('#m'))

        # Process card : extract image if necessary
        card_class = status.find('a', class_='card-container')
        if card_class is not None:
            photos.extend(process_card(nitter_url, card_class))

        # Process attachment: capture image or .mp4 url or download twitter video
        attachments_class = status.find('div', class_='attachments')
        if attachments_class is not None:
            pics, vid_in_tweet = process_attachments(nitter_url,
                                                     attachments_class,
                                                     status_id, author_account)
            photos.extend(pics)
            if vid_in_tweet:
                tweet_text += '\n\n[Video embedded in original tweet]'

        # Add custom footer from config file
        if TOML['options']['footer'] != '':
            tweet_text += '\n\n' + TOML['options']['footer']

        # Add footer with link to original tweet
        if TOML['options']['remove_original_tweet_ref'] is False:
            if TOML['options']['footer'] != '':
                tweet_text += '\nOriginal tweet: ' + substitute_source(full_status_url)
            else:
                tweet_text += '\n\nOriginal tweet: ' + substitute_source(full_status_url)

        # Add timestamp to the "Original Tweet" line
        if TOML['options']['tweet_time_format'] != "":
            timestamp_display = timestamp
            # Adjust timezone
            if TOML['options']['tweet_timezone'] != "":
                timezone_display = pytz.timezone(TOML['options']['tweet_timezone'])
            else:  # Use local timezone by default
                timezone_display = datetime.now().astimezone().tzinfo
            logging.debug("Timestamp UTC: " + str(timestamp))
            logging.debug("Timezone to use: " + str(timezone_display))
            timestamp_display = pytz.utc.localize(timestamp).astimezone(timezone_display)
            logging.debug("Timestamp converted " + str(timestamp_display))

            tweet_text += ' ' + datetime.strftime(timestamp_display, TOML['options']['tweet_time_format'])

        # If no media was specifically added in the tweet, try to get the first picture
        # with "twitter:image" meta tag in first linked page in tweet text
        if not photos:
            m = re.search(r"http[^ \n\xa0]*", tweet_text)
            if m is not None:
                link_url = m.group(0)
                if link_url.endswith(".html"):  # Only process a web page
                    try:
                        r = requests.get(link_url, timeout=HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT)
                        if r.status_code == 200:
                            # Matches the first instance of either twitter:image or twitter:image:src meta tag
                            match = re.search(r'<meta name="twitter:image(?:|:src)" content="(.+?)".*?>', r.text)
                            if match is not None:
                                url = match.group(1).replace('&amp;', '&')  # Remove HTML-safe encoding from URL if any
                                photos.append(url)
                    # Give up if anything goes wrong
                    except (requests.exceptions.ConnectionError,
                            requests.exceptions.Timeout,
                            requests.exceptions.ContentDecodingError,
                            requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects,
                            requests.exceptions.MissingSchema):
                        pass
                    else:
                        logging.debug("downloaded twitter:image from linked page")

        # Check if video was downloaded
        video_file = None

        video_path = Path('./output') / TOML['config']['twitter_account'] / status_id
        if video_path.exists():
            # list video files
            video_file_list = list(video_path.glob('*.mp4'))
            if len(video_file_list) != 0:
                # Extract posix path of first video file in list
                video_file = video_file_list[0].absolute().as_posix()

        # Add dictionary with content of tweet to list
        tweet = {
            "author": author,
            "author_account": author_account,
            "timestamp": timestamp.timestamp(),
            "tweet_id": tweet_id,
            "tweet_text": tweet_text,
            "video": video_file,
            "photos": photos,
            "replied_to_tweet": replied_to_tweet,
        }
        tweets.append(tweet)

        logging.debug('Tweet %s added to list of toots to upload', tweet_id)

    # Log summary stats
    logging.info(str(out_date_cnt) + ' tweets outside of valid time range')
    logging.info(str(in_db_cnt) + ' tweets already in database')

    # Initialise Mastodon object
    mastodon = None

    # Update profile if it has changed
    mastodon = update_profile(nitter_url, soup, sql, mast_password)

    # Login to account on maston instance
    if len(tweets) != 0 and mastodon is None:
        mastodon = login(mast_password)

    # **********************************************************
    # Iterate tweets in list.
    # post each on Mastodon and record it in database
    # **********************************************************

    posted_cnt = 0
    for tweet in reversed(tweets):
        # Check if we have reached the cap on the number of toots to post
        if TOML['options']['toot_cap'] != 0 and posted_cnt >= TOML['options']['toot_cap']:
            logging.info('%d toots not posted due to configured cap', len(tweets) - TOML['options']['toot_cap'])
            break

        logging.debug('Uploading Tweet %s', tweet["tweet_id"])

        media_ids = []

        # Upload video if there is one
        if tweet['video'] is not None:
            try:
                logging.debug("Uploading video to Mastodon")
                media_posted = mastodon.media_post(tweet['video'])
                media_ids.append(media_posted['id'])
            except (MastodonAPIError, MastodonIllegalArgumentError,
                    TypeError):  # Media cannot be uploaded (invalid format, dead link, etc.)
                logging.debug("Uploading video failed")
                pass

        else:  # Only upload pic if no video was uploaded
            # Upload photos
            for photo in tweet['photos']:
                media = False
                # Download picture
                try:
                    logging.debug('downloading picture')
                    media = requests.get(photo, timeout=HTTPS_REQ_TIMEOUT)
                except:  # Picture cannot be downloaded for any reason
                    pass

                # Upload picture to Mastodon instance
                if media:
                    try:
                        logging.debug('uploading picture to Mastodon')
                        media_posted = mastodon.media_post(media.content, mime_type=media.headers['content-type'])
                        media_ids.append(media_posted['id'])
                    except (MastodonAPIError, MastodonIllegalArgumentError,
                            TypeError):  # Media cannot be uploaded (invalid format, dead link, etc.)
                        pass

        # Find in database toot id of replied_to_tweet
        replied_to_toot = None
        if tweet['replied_to_tweet'] is not None:
            logging.debug("Searching db for replied-to-tweet " + tweet['replied_to_tweet'])
            db.execute("SELECT toot_id FROM toots WHERE tweet_id=?", [tweet['replied_to_tweet']])
            replied_to_toot = db.fetchone()

            if replied_to_toot is None:
                logging.warning('Replied-to tweet %s not found in database', tweet['replied_to_tweet'])

        # Post toot
        toot = {}
        try:
            if len(media_ids) == 0:
                toot = mastodon.status_post(tweet['tweet_text'], replied_to_toot)
            else:
                toot = mastodon.status_post(tweet['tweet_text'], replied_to_toot, media_ids=media_ids)

        except MastodonAPIError:
            # Assuming this is an:
            # ERROR ('Mastodon API returned error', 422, 'Unprocessable Entity', 'Cannot attach files that have not finished processing. Try again in a moment!')
            logging.warning('Mastodon API Error 422: Cannot attach files that have not finished processing. Waiting 30 seconds and retrying.')
            # Wait 30 seconds
            time.sleep(30)
            # retry posting
            try:
                toot = mastodon.status_post(tweet['tweet_text'], media_ids=media_ids)
            except MastodonError as me:
                logging.error('posting ' + tweet['tweet_text'] + ' to ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] + ' Failed')
                logging.error(me)
            else:
                logging.warning("Retry successful")

        except MastodonError as me:
            logging.error('posting ' + tweet['tweet_text'] + ' to ' + TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'] + ' Failed')
            logging.error(me)

        else:
            posted_cnt += 1
            logging.debug('Tweet %s posted on %s', tweet['tweet_id'], TOML['config']['mastodon_user'])
            # Test to find out if slowing down successive posting helps with ordering of threads
            time.sleep(TOML['options']['upload_pause'])

        # Insert toot id into database
        if 'id' in toot:
            db.execute("INSERT INTO toots VALUES ( ? , ? , ? , ? , ? )",
                       (TOML['config']['twitter_account'], TOML['config']['mastodon_instance'], TOML['config']['mastodon_user'], tweet['tweet_id'], toot['id']))
            sql.commit()

    logging.info(str(posted_cnt) + ' tweets posted to Mastodon')

    # Cleanup downloaded video files
    try:
        shutil.rmtree('./output/' + TOML['config']['twitter_account'])
    except FileNotFoundError:  # The directory does not exist
        pass

    # Evaluate excess records in database
    excess_count = 0

    db.execute('SELECT count(*) FROM toots WHERE twitter_account=?', (TOML['config']['twitter_account'],))
    db_count = db.fetchone()
    if db_count is not None:
        excess_count = db_count[0] - MAX_REC_COUNT

    # Delete excess records
    if excess_count > 0:
        db.execute('''
            WITH excess AS (
            SELECT tweet_id
            FROM toots
            WHERE twitter_account=?
            ORDER BY toot_id ASC
            LIMIT ?
            )
            DELETE from toots
            WHERE tweet_id IN excess''', (TOML['config']['twitter_account'], excess_count))
        sql.commit()

        logging.info('Deleted ' + str(excess_count) + ' old records from database.')

    shutdown(0)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv)