Python/physics/archimedes_principle_of_buoyant_force.py

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"""
Calculate the buoyant force of any body completely or partially submerged in a static
fluid. This principle was discovered by the Greek mathematician Archimedes.
Equation for calculating buoyant force:
Fb = ρ * V * g
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle
"""
# Acceleration Constant on Earth (unit m/s^2)
g = 9.80665 # Also available in scipy.constants.g
def archimedes_principle(
fluid_density: float, volume: float, gravity: float = g
) -> float:
"""
Args:
fluid_density: density of fluid (kg/m^3)
volume: volume of object/liquid being displaced by the object (m^3)
gravity: Acceleration from gravity. Gravitational force on the system,
The default is Earth Gravity
returns:
the buoyant force on an object in Newtons
>>> archimedes_principle(fluid_density=500, volume=4, gravity=9.8)
19600.0
>>> archimedes_principle(fluid_density=997, volume=0.5, gravity=9.8)
4885.3
>>> archimedes_principle(fluid_density=997, volume=0.7)
6844.061035
>>> archimedes_principle(fluid_density=997, volume=-0.7)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Impossible object volume
>>> archimedes_principle(fluid_density=0, volume=0.7)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Impossible fluid density
>>> archimedes_principle(fluid_density=997, volume=0.7, gravity=0)
0.0
>>> archimedes_principle(fluid_density=997, volume=0.7, gravity=-9.8)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Impossible gravity
"""
if fluid_density <= 0:
raise ValueError("Impossible fluid density")
if volume <= 0:
raise ValueError("Impossible object volume")
if gravity < 0:
raise ValueError("Impossible gravity")
return fluid_density * gravity * volume
if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest
doctest.testmod()