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The Algorithms - Python 
All algorithms implemented in Python (for education)
These are for demonstration purposes only. There are many implementations of sorts in the Python standard library that are much better for performance reasons.
Sorting Algorithms
Binary
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Bubble
From Wikipedia: Bubble sort, sometimes referred to as sinking sort, is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list to be sorted, compares each pair of adjacent items and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until no swaps are needed, which indicates that the list is sorted.
Properties
- Worst case performance O(n^2)
- Best case performance O(n)
- Average case performance O(n^2)
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Insertion
From Wikipedia: Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array (or list) one item at a time. It is much less efficient on large lists than more advanced algorithms such as quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort.
Properties
- Worst case performance O(n^2)
- Best case performance O(n)
- Average case performance O(n^2)
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Merge
From Wikipedia: In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled mergesort) is an efficient, general-purpose, comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the implementation preserves the input order of equal elements in the sorted output. Mergesort is a divide and conquer algorithm that was invented by John von Neumann in 1945.
Properties
- Worst case performance O(n log n)
- Best case performance O(n)
- Average case performance O(n)
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Quick
From Wikipedia: Quicksort (sometimes called partition-exchange sort) is an efficient sorting algorithm, serving as a systematic method for placing the elements of an array in order.
Properties
- Worst case performance O(n^2)
- Best case performance O(n log n) or O(n) with three-way partition
- Average case performance O(n^2)
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Selection
From Wikipedia: The algorithm divides the input list into two parts: the sublist of items already sorted, which is built up from left to right at the front (left) of the list, and the sublist of items remaining to be sorted that occupy the rest of the list. Initially, the sorted sublist is empty and the unsorted sublist is the entire input list. The algorithm proceeds by finding the smallest (or largest, depending on sorting order) element in the unsorted sublist, exchanging (swapping) it with the leftmost unsorted element (putting it in sorted order), and moving the sublist boundaries one element to the right.
Properties
- Worst case performance O(n^2)
- Best case performance O(n^2)
- Average case performance O(n^2)
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Search Algorithms
Linear
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Ciphers
Caesar
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