Python/project_euler/problem_007/sol2.py
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"""
Project Euler Problem 7: https://projecteuler.net/problem=7
10001st prime
By listing the first six prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13, we
can see that the 6th prime is 13.
What is the 10001st prime number?
References:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number
"""
import math
def is_prime(number: int) -> bool:
"""Checks to see if a number is a prime in O(sqrt(n)).
A number is prime if it has exactly two factors: 1 and itself.
Returns boolean representing primality of given number (i.e., if the
result is true, then the number is indeed prime else it is not).
>>> is_prime(2)
True
>>> is_prime(3)
True
>>> is_prime(27)
False
>>> is_prime(2999)
True
>>> is_prime(0)
False
>>> is_prime(1)
False
"""
if 1 < number < 4:
# 2 and 3 are primes
return True
elif number < 2 or number % 2 == 0 or number % 3 == 0:
# Negatives, 0, 1, all even numbers, all multiples of 3 are not primes
return False
# All primes number are in format of 6k +/- 1
for i in range(5, int(math.sqrt(number) + 1), 6):
if number % i == 0 or number % (i + 2) == 0:
return False
return True
def solution(nth: int = 10001) -> int:
"""
Returns the n-th prime number.
>>> solution(6)
13
>>> solution(1)
2
>>> solution(3)
5
>>> solution(20)
71
>>> solution(50)
229
>>> solution(100)
541
>>> solution(3.4)
5
>>> solution(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Parameter nth must be greater than or equal to one.
>>> solution(-17)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: Parameter nth must be greater than or equal to one.
>>> solution([])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Parameter nth must be int or castable to int.
>>> solution("asd")
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Parameter nth must be int or castable to int.
"""
try:
nth = int(nth)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise TypeError("Parameter nth must be int or castable to int.") from None
if nth <= 0:
raise ValueError("Parameter nth must be greater than or equal to one.")
primes: list[int] = []
num = 2
while len(primes) < nth:
if is_prime(num):
primes.append(num)
num += 1
else:
num += 1
return primes[len(primes) - 1]
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(f"{solution() = }")