* pre-commit: Upgrade psf/black for stable style 2023
Updating https://github.com/psf/black ... updating 22.12.0 -> 23.1.0 for their `2023 stable style`.
* https://github.com/psf/black/blob/main/CHANGES.md#2310
> This is the first [psf/black] release of 2023, and following our stability policy, it comes with a number of improvements to our stable style…
Also, add https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt and https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject to pre-commit.
I only modified `.pre-commit-config.yaml` and all other files were modified by pre-commit.ci and psf/black.
* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
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* updating DIRECTORY.md
* Fix mypy errors in lorentz_transformation_four_vector.py
* Remove unused symbol vars
* Add function documentation and rewrite algorithm explanation
Previous explanation was misleading, as the code only calculates Lorentz
transformations for movement in the x direction (0 velocity in the y and
z directions) and not movement in any direction
* updating DIRECTORY.md
* Update error message for speed
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* Create centripetal_force.py
Centripetal force is the force acting on an object in curvilinear motion directed towards the axis of rotation or centre of curvature.
* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
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* Update centripetal_force.py
The value error should also handle negative values of the radius and using more descriptive names will be more beneficial for the users
* Update centripetal_force.py
Made some bug fixes
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* Create potential_energy.py
Finding the gravitational potential energy of an object with reference to the earth, by taking its mass and height above the ground as input
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* Update physics/potential_energy.py
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* Update physics/potential_energy.py
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* Update physics/potential_energy.py
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* Update physics/potential_energy.py
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* Update physics/potential_energy.py
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* Update physics/potential_energy.py
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* Update physics/potential_energy.py
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* Create malus_law.py
Finding the intensity of light transmitted through a polariser using Malus Law and by taking initial intensity and angle between polariser and axis as input
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* Update physics/malus_law.py
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* Update physics/malus_law.py
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* Update physics/malus_law.py
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* Update physics/malus_law.py
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* Update malus_law.py
Made some changes in the error messages and the docstring testcases
* Update malus_law.py
Made changes for the passing the precommit
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* Create kinetic_energy.py
Finding the kinetic energy of an object,by taking its mass and velocity as input
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* Update kinetic_energy.py
* Update kinetic_energy.py
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* Add algorithm for Casimir Effect
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* Fix the line length
* Fix the line length
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* Import math module and use Pi
* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
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* Update doctest results
* from math import pi
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* Add algorithm for Newton's Law of Gravitation
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* Update physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py
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* One and only one argument must be 0
* Update newtons_law_of_gravitation.py
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* Add files via upload
* Changed print to f-string
Also printed out results in a math notation
* Add files via upload
* Fixes: #4710 provided return type
* File exists in another pull request
* imported radians from math
* Updated file according to pre-commit test
* Updated file
* Updated gamma
* Deleted duplicate file
* removed pi
* reversed tests
* Fixed angle condition
* Modified prints to f-string
* Update horizontal_projectile_motion.py
* Update horizontal_projectile_motion.py
* Fixes#4710 added exceptions and tests
* Added float tests
* Fixed type annotations
* Fixed last annotation
* Fixed annotations
* fixed format
* Revert "fixed format"
This reverts commit 5b0249ac0a.
Undo changes
@wq
* Revert "Fixed annotations"
This reverts commit c37bb95408.
* Revert "Fixed last annotation"
This reverts commit e3678fdead.
* Revert "Fixed type annotations"
This reverts commit 3f2b238c34.
* Revert to 4e2fcaf6fb
* Fixing errors found during pre-commit
* Added gauss law
* Implemented Lorenz tranformation with four vector
* pre-commit fixes
* flake8 fixes
* More flake8 fixes
* Added blank space for flake8
* Added reference
* Trailing whitespace fix
* Replaced argument u with velocity (descriptive name fix)
* Added tests for functions + moved velocity check to beta function
* Modified condition to 'not symbolic' in the transform function
* trainling whitespace fix
* Added type hint for 'smybolic' argument in transform function
* Changed reference to avoid pre-commit fails because of spelling issue related to the URL
* Added tests for gamma and transformation_matrix functions
* Fixed transformation_matrix tests
* Fixed tests on beta and gamma functions
* Add files via upload
* Changed print to f-string
Also printed out results in a math notation
* Add files via upload
* Fixes: #4710 provided return type
* File exists in another pull request
* imported radians from math
* Updated file according to pre-commit test
* Updated file
* Updated gamma
* Deleted duplicate file
* removed pi
* reversed tests
* Fixed angle condition
* Modified prints to f-string
* Update horizontal_projectile_motion.py
* Update horizontal_projectile_motion.py
* Fixes#4710 added exceptions and tests
* Added float tests
* Fixed type annotations
* Fixed last annotation
* Fixed annotations
* fixed format
* Revert "fixed format"
This reverts commit 5b0249ac0a.
Undo changes
@wq
* Revert "Fixed annotations"
This reverts commit c37bb95408.
* Revert "Fixed last annotation"
This reverts commit e3678fdead.
* Revert "Fixed type annotations"
This reverts commit 3f2b238c34.
* Revert to 4e2fcaf6fb
* Fixing errors found during pre-commit
* The black formatter is no longer beta
* pre-commit autoupdate
* pre-commit autoupdate
* Remove project_euler/problem_145 which is killing our CI tests
* updating DIRECTORY.md
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