Python/project_euler
Caeden Perelli-Harris 93fb169627
[Upgrade Ruff] Fix all errors raised from ruff (#8879)
* chore: Fix tests

* chore: Fix failing ruff

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update cellular_automata/game_of_life.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* chore: Update ruff version in pre-commit

* chore: Fix ruff errors

* Update edmonds_karp_multiple_source_and_sink.py

* Update factorial.py

* Update primelib.py

* Update min_cost_string_conversion.py

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
2023-07-22 12:05:10 +02:00
..
problem_001 Misc fixes across multiple algorithms (#6912) 2022-10-16 10:55:38 +05:30
problem_002 Fix style of the first ten solutions for Project Euler (#3242) 2020-10-25 08:53:16 +05:30
problem_003 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_004 pre-commit: Upgrade psf/black for stable style 2023 (#8110) 2023-02-01 18:44:54 +05:30
problem_005 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_006 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_007 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_008 Add flake8-broken-line to pre-commit (#7338) 2022-10-16 21:50:48 +02:00
problem_009 [Upgrade Ruff] Fix all errors raised from ruff (#8879) 2023-07-22 12:05:10 +02:00
problem_010 refactor: Indent ... for visual purposes (#7744) 2022-10-27 19:42:30 +02:00
problem_011 Add flake8 pluin flake8 bugbear to pre-commit (#7132) 2022-10-13 18:03:06 +02:00
problem_012 Add pep8-naming to pre-commit hooks and fixes incorrect naming conventions (#7062) 2022-10-13 00:54:20 +02:00
problem_013 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_014 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_015 Fix factorial issues (#5496) 2021-10-21 15:06:32 +08:00
problem_016 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_017 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_018 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_019 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_020 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_021 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_022 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_023 Add pep8-naming to pre-commit hooks and fixes incorrect naming conventions (#7062) 2022-10-13 00:54:20 +02:00
problem_024 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_025 clean of unnecessary checks, imports, calls (#7993) 2022-11-21 00:00:27 +13:00
problem_026 Add flake8 pluin flake8 bugbear to pre-commit (#7132) 2022-10-13 18:03:06 +02:00
problem_027 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_028 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_029 Add pep8-naming to pre-commit hooks and fixes incorrect naming conventions (#7062) 2022-10-13 00:54:20 +02:00
problem_030 perf: improve Project Euler problem 030 solution 1 (#6267) 2022-07-25 22:11:12 +05:30
problem_031 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_032 Add pep8-naming to pre-commit hooks and fixes incorrect naming conventions (#7062) 2022-10-13 00:54:20 +02:00
problem_033 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_034 Improve Project Euler problem 034 solution 1 (#5165) 2021-10-25 16:03:22 +08:00
problem_035 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_036 clean of unnecessary checks, imports, calls (#7993) 2022-11-21 00:00:27 +13:00
problem_037 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_038 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_039 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_040 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_041 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_042 Misc fixes across multiple algorithms (#6912) 2022-10-16 10:55:38 +05:30
problem_043 Improve Project Euler problem 043 solution 1 (#5772) 2021-11-05 20:44:24 +01:00
problem_044 [mypy] fix type annotations for all Project Euler problems (#4747) 2021-10-12 00:33:44 +08:00
problem_045 [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate (#6629) 2022-10-03 22:00:45 +02:00
problem_046 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_047 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_048 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_049 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_050 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_051 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_052 Add Flake8 comprehensions to pre-commit (#7235) 2022-10-15 19:29:42 +02:00
problem_053 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_054 Dijkstra algorithm with binary grid (#8802) 2023-06-22 13:49:09 +02:00
problem_055 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_056 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_057 Project Euler 57 - Square root convergents (#3259) 2020-10-16 21:17:35 +05:30
problem_058 Unify O(sqrt(N)) is_prime functions under project_euler (#6258) 2022-09-14 09:40:04 +01:00
problem_059 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_062 Add Flake8 comprehensions to pre-commit (#7235) 2022-10-15 19:29:42 +02:00
problem_063 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_064 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_065 Add flake8-builtins to pre-commit and fix errors (#7105) 2022-10-13 19:53:59 +05:30
problem_067 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_068 Add more ruff rules (#8767) 2023-05-26 09:34:17 +02:00
problem_069 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_070 Add flake8-builtins to pre-commit and fix errors (#7105) 2022-10-13 19:53:59 +05:30
problem_071 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_072 Improve solution (#5705) 2021-10-31 11:37:46 +01:00
problem_073 feat: add Project Euler problem 073 solution 1 (#6273) 2022-10-24 18:59:49 +05:30
problem_074 pre-commit: Upgrade psf/black for stable style 2023 (#8110) 2023-02-01 18:44:54 +05:30
problem_075 Replace bandit, flake8, isort, and pyupgrade with ruff (#8178) 2023-03-15 13:58:25 +01:00
problem_076 Rename Project Euler directories and other dependent changes (#3300) 2020-10-15 12:43:28 +05:30
problem_077 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_078 Improve Project Euler problem 078 solution 1 (#5708) 2021-10-31 11:36:53 +01:00
problem_079 Add Project Euler problem 79 solution 1 (#8607) 2023-04-02 17:34:11 +05:30
problem_080 [mypy] fix type annotations for all Project Euler problems (#4747) 2021-10-12 00:33:44 +08:00
problem_081 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_082 Add Project Euler problem 082 solution 1 (#6282) 2023-03-02 10:25:47 +05:30
problem_085 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_086 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_087 Added solution for Project Euler problem 87. (#3141) 2020-10-29 12:19:33 +05:30
problem_089 pre-commit: Upgrade psf/black for stable style 2023 (#8110) 2023-02-01 18:44:54 +05:30
problem_091 Add solution for Project Euler problem 91. (#3144) 2020-10-16 15:44:06 +05:30
problem_092 pre-commit: Upgrade psf/black for stable style 2023 (#8110) 2023-02-01 18:44:54 +05:30
problem_094 Add Project Euler problem 94 solution 1 (#8599) 2023-04-01 17:50:08 +05:30
problem_097 refactor: Move constants outside of variable scope (#7262) 2022-10-16 15:03:29 +05:30
problem_099 [mypy] fix type annotations for all Project Euler problems (#4747) 2021-10-12 00:33:44 +08:00
problem_100 Add Project Euler problem 100 solution 1 (#8175) 2023-03-14 11:09:36 +05:30
problem_101 Get rid of the Union (#6246) 2022-07-11 13:11:17 +02:00
problem_102 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_104 fix: increase str conversion limit where required (#7604) 2022-10-25 06:27:03 +05:30
problem_107 Upgrade to flake8 v6 (#8007) 2022-11-29 16:56:41 +01:00
problem_109 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_112 Improve Project Euler problem 112 solution 1 (#4808) 2021-10-06 22:11:50 +08:00
problem_113 [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate (#6629) 2022-10-03 22:00:45 +02:00
problem_114 feat: add Project Euler problem 114 solution 1 (#6300) 2022-08-07 07:37:35 +05:30
problem_115 feat: add Project Euler problem 115 solution 1 (#6303) 2022-08-07 16:50:45 +05:30
problem_116 Add Project Euler problem 116 solution 1 (#6305) 2022-09-24 18:04:00 +01:00
problem_117 Add Project Euler problem 117 solution 1 (#6872) 2023-03-02 22:21:48 +05:30
problem_119 Pyupgrade to Python 3.9 (#4718) 2021-09-07 13:37:03 +02:00
problem_120 Add Project Euler 120 solution (#2887) 2020-10-06 08:41:15 +05:30
problem_121 feat: Add solution for Project Euler Problem 121 (#4261) 2021-03-20 11:29:48 +05:30
problem_123 pre-commit autoupdate: pyupgrade v2.34.0 -> v2.37.0 (#6245) 2022-07-11 10:19:52 +02:00
problem_125 refactor: Move constants outside of variable scope (#7262) 2022-10-16 15:03:29 +05:30
problem_129 Added solution for Project Euler problem 129. (#3113) 2020-11-21 08:22:26 +05:30
problem_131 Add more ruff rules (#8767) 2023-05-26 09:34:17 +02:00
problem_135 Add solution for Project Euler problem 135 (#4035) 2020-12-19 11:46:15 +05:30
problem_144 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_145 perf: Project Euler problem 145 solution 1 (#6259) 2022-07-23 07:23:46 +05:30
problem_173 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_174 Add solution for Project Euler problem 174. (#3078) 2020-10-16 15:14:09 +05:30
problem_180 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_187 Add Project Euler problem 187 solution 1 (#8182) 2023-04-01 11:17:24 +05:30
problem_188 Add flake8 pluin flake8 bugbear to pre-commit (#7132) 2022-10-13 18:03:06 +02:00
problem_191 [mypy] fix type annotations for all Project Euler problems (#4747) 2021-10-12 00:33:44 +08:00
problem_203 Make some ruff fixes (#8154) 2023-03-01 17:23:33 +01:00
problem_205 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_206 Project Euler 206 Solution (#3829) 2020-11-02 23:24:20 +05:30
problem_207 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_234 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_301 The black formatter is no longer beta (#5960) 2022-01-30 20:29:54 +01:00
problem_493 Added solution for euler problem 493 (#5573) 2021-10-31 11:48:10 +01:00
problem_551 Add Flake8 comprehensions to pre-commit (#7235) 2022-10-15 19:29:42 +02:00
problem_587 feat: add Project Euler problem 587 solution 1 (#6269) 2022-07-26 21:45:14 +05:30
problem_686 Fix some typos in solution 1 of euler 686 (#6112) 2022-05-12 11:28:45 +08:00
problem_800 Add Project Euler problem 800 solution 1 (#8567) 2023-04-01 17:48:13 +05:30
__init__.py Add __init__.py files in all the directories (#2503) 2020-09-28 19:42:36 +02:00
README.md Fix broken links to Gitter Community (Fixes: #8197) (#8546) 2023-03-26 18:20:47 +02:00

Project Euler

Problems are taken from https://projecteuler.net/, the Project Euler. Problems are licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

Project Euler is a series of challenging mathematical/computer programming problems that require more than just mathematical insights to solve. Project Euler is ideal for mathematicians who are learning to code.

The solutions will be checked by our automated testing on GitHub Actions with the help of this script. The efficiency of your code is also checked. You can view the top 10 slowest solutions on GitHub Actions logs (under slowest 10 durations) and open a pull request to improve those solutions.

Solution Guidelines

Welcome to TheAlgorithms/Python! Before reading the solution guidelines, make sure you read the whole Contributing Guidelines as it won't be repeated in here. If you have any doubt on the guidelines, please feel free to state it clearly in an issue or ask the community in Gitter. You can use the template we have provided below as your starting point but be sure to read the Coding Style part first.

Coding Style

  • Please maintain consistency in project directory and solution file names. Keep the following points in mind:

    • Create a new directory only for the problems which do not exist yet.
    • If you create a new directory, please create an empty __init__.py file inside it as well.
    • Please name the project directory as problem_<problem_number> where problem_number should be filled with 0s so as to occupy 3 digits. Example: problem_001, problem_002, problem_067, problem_145, and so on.
  • Please provide a link to the problem and other references, if used, in the module-level docstring.

  • All imports should come after the module-level docstring.

  • You can have as many helper functions as you want but there should be one main function called solution which should satisfy the conditions as stated below:

    • It should contain positional argument(s) whose default value is the question input. Example: Please take a look at Problem 1 where the question is to Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000. In this case the main solution function will be solution(limit: int = 1000).
    • When the solution function is called without any arguments like so: solution(), it should return the answer to the problem.
  • Every function, which includes all the helper functions, if any, and the main solution function, should have doctest in the function docstring along with a brief statement mentioning what the function is about.

    • There should not be a doctest for testing the answer as that is done by our GitHub Actions build using this script. Keeping in mind the above example of Problem 1:
    def solution(limit: int = 1000):
        """
        A brief statement mentioning what the function is about.
    
        You can have a detailed explanation about the solution method in the
        module-level docstring.
    
        >>> solution(1)
        ...
        >>> solution(16)
        ...
        >>> solution(100)
        ...
        """
    

Solution Template

You can use the below template as your starting point but please read the Coding Style first to understand how the template works.

Please change the name of the helper functions accordingly, change the parameter names with a descriptive one, replace the content within [square brackets] (including the brackets) with the appropriate content.

"""
Project Euler Problem [problem number]: [link to the original problem]

... [Entire problem statement] ...

... [Solution explanation - Optional] ...

References [Optional]:
- [Wikipedia link to the topic]
- [Stackoverflow link]
...

"""
import module1
import module2
...

def helper1(arg1: [type hint], arg2: [type hint], ...) -> [Return type hint]:
    """
    A brief statement explaining what the function is about.

    ... A more elaborate description ... [Optional]

    ...
    [Doctest]
    ...

    """
    ...
    # calculations
    ...

    return


# You can have multiple helper functions but the solution function should be
# after all the helper functions ...


def solution(arg1: [type hint], arg2: [type hint], ...) -> [Return type hint]:
    """
    A brief statement mentioning what the function is about.

    You can have a detailed explanation about the solution in the
    module-level docstring.

    ...
    [Doctest as mentioned above]
    ...

    """

    ...
    # calculations
    ...

    return answer


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(f"{solution() = }")