* add type hints to math/gcd
* add doctest
* math/gcd - run black formatter
* math/gcd: remove manual doctest
* add correction to gcd of negative numbers
* add more doctest in iterative gcd
* Made improvements to combinations.py
* Update maths/combinations.py
Co-authored-by: Du Yuanchao <shellhub.me@gmail.com>
* Function now raises an error when given invalid input
* Update maths/combinations.py
Co-authored-by: Du Yuanchao <shellhub.me@gmail.com>
* Add GitHub action file for pre-commit
* Fix errors exposed by pre-commit hook:
- Remove executable bit from files without shebang. I checked those
file and it was not needed.
- Fix with black
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Fix all errors mentioned in pre-commit run:
- Fix end of file
- Remove trailing whitespace
- Fix files with black
- Fix imports with isort
* Fix errors
* fix assignment of a variable to itself
* Fix unnecessary 'else' clause in loop
* formatting and redundant reasignment fix
* mark unreachable code with a TODO comment
* fix variable defined multiple times
* fix static method without static decorator
* revert unintended autoformatting
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* revert autoformatting issue
* applied black autoformatting
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* * support negative number
* add different version
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
* sum(int(c) for c in str(abs(n)))
* updating DIRECTORY.md
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* More efficient least common multiple.
* lowest -> least
* integer division
* Update least_common_multiple.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Correcting the Gaussian Formula
I have added the parenthesis around the 2*sigma^2 term.
* Update gaussian.py
* Update gaussian.py
* Update gaussian.py
* Update gaussian.py
* Update gaussian.py
* Update gaussian.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Added Python Program to Check Perfet Number
* CodeSpell Error Fix - 1
* Build Error Fix - 1
* Made suggested changes
* Use generator expression
* Added Python Program to Check Krishnamurthy Number or not
* Added Python Program to Check Krishnamurthy Number
* Added Python Program to Check Krishnamurthy Number or not
* Build Error Fix - 1
* Build Error Fix - 2
* Fix Brackets positions
* Fix Character Exceeding Error
* Made Review Changes
* Build Error Fix - 3
* Build Error Fix - 4
* Update krishnamurthy_number.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* add surface area class
* add new line to end of file
* move surface area class into area class
* add missing import
* added pi import
* fix typo
* added blank line
* fixed more import issues
* comment fix
* comment fixes
* created perfect_cube.py
To find whether a number is a perfect cube or not.
* Update perfect_cube.py
* Update perfect_cube.py
* Update perfect_cube.py
* Added Lstm example for stock predection
* Changes after review
* changes after build failed
* Add Kiera’s to requirements.txt
* requirements.txt: Add keras and tensorflow
* psf/black
* haris corner detection
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
* changes after review
* changes after review
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
* create sum_of_digits.py
create sum_of_digits.py to find the sum of digits of a number
digit_sum(12345) ---> 15
digit_sum(12345) ---> 10
* Update sum_of_digits.py
* Update maths/sum_of_digits.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Update maths/sum_of_digits.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Update sum_of_digits.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Create number_of_digits.py
A python program to find the number of digits in a number.
* Update number_of_digits.py
* Update number_of_digits.py
* Add #1976 to get Travis CI to pass
#1976
* Add type hints as discussed in CONTRIBUTING.md
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Tighten up psf/black and flake8
* Fix some tests
* Fix some E741
* Fix some E741
* updating DIRECTORY.md
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
* Precision must be a nonnegative integer
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
* consists of area of various geometrical shapes
In this program it consists of various area calculation of different geometrical shapes such as (square,rectangle) and many other shapes.
* print(f'Rectangle: {area_rectangle(10, 20)=}')
* Update area.py
* Areas of various geometric shapes:
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Added file aliquot_sum.py containing a function to find theo
* Added parameter type info to aliquot_sum.py
* Update maths/aliquot_sum.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Update maths/aliquot_sum.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Updated code to raise ValueErrors if input is bad
* Fixed logical operators
* Removed unnecessary import
* Updated aliquot_sum.py
* fixed formatting
* fixed documentation
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* improved prime number generator to check only up to sqrt(n) instead of n
* added old version as slow_primes() and named new, faster version primes()
* fixed docstring in slow_primes
* Add a timeit benchmark
* Update prime_numbers.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Fix astar
Single character variable names are old school.
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
* Tuple
* updating DIRECTORY.md
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
* Deal with maps
Try with the search term "pizza" to see why this was done in #1932
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
* Update armstrong_numbers.py
* updating DIRECTORY.md
* Update crawl_google_results.py
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
* Rename math/add.py to maths/add.py
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
* Fix sum to add
* updating DIRECTORY.md
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: John Law <johnlaw.po@gmail.com>
* Add Monte Carlo estimation of PI
* Add type annotations for Monte Carlo estimation of PI
* Compare the PI estimate to PI from the math lib
* accuracy -> error
* Update pi_monte_carlo_estimation.py
Co-authored-by: John Law <johnlaw.po@gmail.com>
* spelling corrections
* review
* improved documentation, removed redundant variables, added testing
* added type hint
* camel case to snake case
* spelling fix
* review
* python --> Python # it is a brand name, not a snake
* explicit cast to int
* spaces in int list
* "!= None" to "is not None"
* Update comb_sort.py
* various spelling corrections in documentation & several variables naming conventions fix
* + char in file name
* import dependency - bug fix
Co-authored-by: John Law <johnlaw.po@gmail.com>
* estimate area under a curve defined by non-negative real-valued continuous function within a continuous interval using monte-carlo
* run black; update comments
* Use f”strings” and drop unnecessary returns
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* add example to estimate area under line using montecarlo
* separate estimate func and print statements
* use mean from stats package
* avoid creating extra variable
* min_value: float=0.0, max_value: float=1.0
* Update montecarlo.py
* Update montecarlo.py
* Rename montecarlo.py to monte_carlo.py
* Update monte_carlo.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Add Chudnovskys algorithm for calculating many digits of pi
* Update return value type hint
* Initialize partial sum to be of type Decimal
* Update chudnovsky_algorithm.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Create Bisection.py
Find root of
* Update Bisection.py
* Update Bisection.py
i changed the given function with one that i could make the doctests.
* Rename Bisection.py to bisection.py
* Update bisection.py
* Update bisection.py
* Update bisection.py
* Update bisection.py
* Update bisection.py
Made the changes that were requested
* Update bisection.py
* Update bisection.py
* Add wiki url
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Added montecarlo.py
This algorithm uses a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the value of pi.
* Rename montecarlo.py to maths/montecarlo.py
* Add files via upload
* Delete montecarlo.py
* Rename montecarlo.py to maths/montecarlo.py
* Update montecarlo.py
- Add more doctests and type checking to make sure only natural
numbers are used
- Simplified the algorithm slightly
This new verison is also between 10-15% faster for really
long sequences
* A recursive insertion sort
* added doctests and typehints
* Added arc length and numerical integration calculators
* fixed doc test
* Fixed some conversion errors
* Fixed some commenting
* Deleted numerical integration to allow 1 file per push
* Changed string formatting method
* Added program to calculate trapezoidal area under curve
* Deleted files ensure 1 pull request per file
* file name changed
* Update area_under_curve.py
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Added to maths and strings
* added changes suggest by cclauss
* added square root function
* Fixed type hinting
* fixed type error
* Fixed another type error
* update volumes with type hints + some refactoring
* added docstrings
* Use float instead of ints in doctest results
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Added binary exponentiaion with respect to modulo
* Added miller rabin: the probabilistic primality test for large numbers
* Removed unused import
* Added test for miller_rabin
* Add test to binary_exp_mod
* Removed test parameter to make Travis CI happy
* unittest.main() # doctest: +ELLIPSIS ...
* Update binary_exp_mod.py
* Update binary_exp_mod.py
* Update miller_rabin.py
* from .prime_check import prime_check
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
* Harmonic Geometric and P-Series Added
* Editing comments
* Update and rename series/Geometric_Series.py to maths/series/geometric_series.py
* Update and rename series/Harmonic_Series.py to maths/series/harmonic_series.py
* Update and rename series/P_Series.py to maths/series/p_series.py
* improved prime numbers implementation
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
* fix type hint
* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push
* fix doctests
* updating DIRECTORY.md
* added prime tests with negative numbers
* using for instead filter
* updating DIRECTORY.md
* Remove unused typing.List
* Remove tab indentation
* print("Sorted order is:", " ".join(a))
* Factors of a number
* Update factors.py
* Fix mypy issue in basic_maths.py
* Fix mypy error in perceptron.py
* def primes(max: int) -> List[int]:
* Update binomial_heap.py
* Add a space
* Remove a space
* Add a space
* Another method added for GCD
* Now doctest fulfilled for added method.
* Update greatest_common_divisor.py
* Now unnecessary white spaces removed.
* Cycle_Detection_Undirected_Graph
Cycle_Detection_Undirected_Graph using Disjoint set DataStructure
* Update greatest_common_divisor.py again
* Again Updated cycle_detection_undirected_graph.py
* Delete cycle_detection_undirected_graph.py
* Add doctests and format the code with psf/black
* fixup: Typo
* Update greatest_common_divisor.py
* greatest_common_divisor()
* some pytest on math folder
* Run the test function via a doctest
Also format the code with psf/black as discussed in CONTRIBUTING.md
* Update abs.py
* Update average_mean.py
* Implementation of Hardy Ramanujan Algorithm
* added docstrings
* added doctests
* Run Python black on the code
* Travis CI: Upgrade to Python 3.8
* Revert to Python 3.7
* renamed module to extend the acronym
* add type hints (will not work with Python less than 3.4)
* update docstring
* refactor the function
* add unittests for the least common squares multiple
* Add Kth lexicographic permutation
Function that computes the kth lexicographic permtation of 0,1,2,...,n-1 in O(n^2) time
* Update kth_lexicographic_permutation.py
Addressed requested changes
* Add radix2 FFT
Created a dynamic implementation of the radix - 2 Fast Fourier Transform for fast polynomial multiplication.
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooley%E2%80%93Tukey_FFT_algorithm#The_radix-2_DIT_case
* Rename radix2_FFT.py to radix2_fft.py
* Update radix2_fft printing
Improved the printing method with f.prefix and String.join()
* __str__ method update
* Turned the tests into doctests
* Create Quadratic Equations(Complexes Numbers)
Created function that solves quadratic equations treating the cases with complexes numbers. Giving an answer with the imaginary unit "i".
* Update Quadratic Equations(Complexes Numbers)
Since there was no response from the owner of this PR, I made this little change which I hope will solve the issue!
* Add Lucas_Lehmer_primality_test
* Add explanation for Lucas_Lehmer_primality_test
* Update and rename Lucas_Lehmer_primality_test.py to lucas_lehmer_primality_test.py
* LargestOfVeryLargeNumbers
Finds the largest among two very large numbers of the form x^y. Numbers like 512^513 etc
* Rename LargestOfVeryLargeNumbers to LargestOfVeryLargeNumbers.py
* Input() statements have been indented.
input() statements are indented under if __name__ == "__main__":
* largest_of_very_large_numbers.py
Both of the two files implemented sieve of eratosthenes.
However, there was a bug in other/finding_primes.py, and the time complexity was larger than the other.
Therefore, remove other/finding_primes.py and add doctest tomaths/sieve_of_eratosthenes.py.
`error = abs(f(a))` was declared on line 24 and line 32. It is unnecessary to have in both places.
I removed the second instance since it wastes resources to keep redefining the variable inside the for loop.
This fixes an [issue found by lgtm](66c4afbd0f/files/maths/newton_raphson.py)
* Create average_median.py
I created a program to calculate the median of a list of numbers.
* Changed Odd to Even in String
* Create decimal_to_binary.py
- Added 'conversions' folder.
- Created a decimal to binary converter.
* Implemented Decimal to Octal Algorithm
- I created a decimal to octal converter based on the converter in the TheAlgorithms/Python project.
- I added two newlines to make the output of decimal_to_binary.py better.
* Added Whitespace and Docstring
I modified the file to make Pylint happier and make the code more readable.
* Beautified Code and Added Docstring
I modified the file to make Pylint happier and make the code more readable.
* Added DOCSTRINGS, Wikipedia link, and whitespace
I added DOCSTRINGS and whitespace to make the code more readable and understandable.
* Improved Formatting
* Wrapped comments
* Fixed spelling error for `movement` variable
* Added DOCSTRINGs
* Improved Formatting
* Corrected whitespace to improve readability.
* Added docstrings.
* Made comments fit inside an 80 column layout.
* iterative and formula fibonacci methods
Added two ways to calculate the fibonacci sequence: (1) iterative (2) formula.
I've also added a timer decorator so someone can see the difference in computation time between these two methods.
Added two unittests using the slash framework.
* Update test_fibonacci.py
* remove inline comments per Contributing Guidelines
* Update sol5.py
* Create placeholder.py
* Update and rename maths/test_fibonacci.py to maths/tests/test_fibonacci.py
* Delete placeholder.py
* Create __init__.py
* Update test_fibonacci.py
* Rename Maths/lucasSeries.py to maths/lucasSeries.py
* Update and rename Project Euler/Problem 01/sol5.py to project_euler/problem_01/sol6.py
Current implementation is buggy and hard to read.
* Negative values were raising a TypeError due to `math.sqrt`
* 1 was considered prime, it is not.
* 2 was considered not prime, it is.
The implementation has been corrected to fix the bugs and to enhance
readability.
A docstring has been added with the definition of a prime number.
A complete test suite has been written, it tests the 10 first primes, a
negative value, 0, 1 and some not prime numbers.
closes#795
* organized graph algorithms
* all graph algorithms in Graphs/ folder
* all graph algorithms are in one folder
* Rename number theory/factorial_python.py to maths/factorial_python.py
